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Hello,歡迎來(lái)到環(huán)球冷知識(shí)~
世界那么有趣,當(dāng)然要看看
這一期我們來(lái)說(shuō)埃及
這個(gè)同樣有幾千年歷史的文明古國(guó)
有哪些奇特的冷知識(shí)呢
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Egypt
[?i?d??pt]
埃及
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1?埃及人已經(jīng)不會(huì)講埃及語(yǔ)了
埃及在古代是有埃及語(yǔ)的,但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒(méi)有人會(huì)講埃及語(yǔ)了,早已失傳。
如今通過(guò)考古學(xué)研究,人們慢慢能理解一些古埃及的象形文字,但是沒(méi)有人知道這些文字怎么發(fā)音。
如今的埃及是一個(gè)講阿拉伯語(yǔ)的穆斯林國(guó)家。
The official language of Egypt is Arabic, but some people also speak other languages like French and English. No one truly knows how Egyptian ancients pronounced their words. That’s because the Egyptian hieroglyphs don’t include any vowels. The official name of Egypt is “the Arab Republic of Egypt”. Islam is the common religion with 90% of the population being Muslims.
埃及的官方語(yǔ)言是阿拉伯語(yǔ),但也有人講其他語(yǔ)言,如法語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。沒(méi)有人知道古埃及人是如何發(fā)音的,因?yàn)榘<暗南笮挝淖种袥](méi)有元音。埃及的官方名稱(chēng)是“阿拉伯埃及共和國(guó)”。伊斯蘭教是埃及主要的宗教,90%的埃及人是穆斯林(伊斯蘭教信徒)。
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2?世界上最大的阿拉伯國(guó)家
雖然埃及的國(guó)力在阿拉伯世界中比不上沙特和阿聯(lián)酋,但埃及現(xiàn)在是北非經(jīng)濟(jì)最強(qiáng)的國(guó)家,而且埃及是世界上最大的阿拉伯國(guó)家。
首都開(kāi)羅?Cairo?是個(gè)相當(dāng)現(xiàn)代化的繁華城市。
埃及現(xiàn)在的總?cè)丝谟?900多萬(wàn),排名高于伊拉克和沙特阿拉伯,而這兩個(gè)國(guó)家分別排在第2位和第3位。
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3?古埃及的節(jié)日流傳至今
雖然古埃及的語(yǔ)言已經(jīng)失傳,但有不少文化傳統(tǒng)流傳到了今天。
現(xiàn)在很多埃及傳統(tǒng)和節(jié)日都可以追溯至法老時(shí)代。如今的埃及是一個(gè)融合了古埃及文化、伊斯蘭教文化和很多現(xiàn)代國(guó)家元素的國(guó)度。
有一些古埃及的節(jié)日現(xiàn)在依舊在慶祝,比如祭祀太陽(yáng)神的太陽(yáng)節(jié)?Sun Festival
每年的二月和十月,埃及人都會(huì)在古埃及最大的神廟“阿布辛貝神廟”里慶祝這個(gè)節(jié)日,這現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是個(gè)很有名的旅游項(xiàng)目了。
阿布辛貝神廟。圖片來(lái)源:?IMAGE COURTESY OF JONATHAN LOOK JR
According to ancient Egyptian mythology, the sun god was the most important deity for the ancient Egyptians. Celebrated at the biggest temple of the ancient world at Abu Simbel, the?Sun Festival is celebrated in February and? October when the sun rays reach the innermost sanctums of the temple and only the statue dedicated to the god?of darkness remains in the dark. This statue has never seen sunlight in over 3,200 years!
在古埃及神話中,太陽(yáng)神是最重要的神。每年的二月和十月,在古埃及最大的神廟“阿布辛貝神廟”里,當(dāng)陽(yáng)光能照射到神廟中最深的圣所、只剩黑暗之神的雕像還在影子里的時(shí)候,人們會(huì)在這慶祝太陽(yáng)節(jié);這座雕像在這3200多年里從未見(jiàn)過(guò)陽(yáng)光!
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4?古埃及神話有14000多個(gè)神
古埃及的神話系統(tǒng)真的相當(dāng)龐大,除了現(xiàn)在影視作品中常出現(xiàn)的太陽(yáng)神拉?Ra、生育之神伊西絲?Isis、死神阿努比斯?Anubis、冥王歐西里斯?Osiris?這些之外,古埃及宗教總共有14000多個(gè)神。
這搞得像神仙選秀一樣,古埃及幾乎每個(gè)城市都有自己最鐘愛(ài)的神。
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5?古埃及人認(rèn)為人有3個(gè)性別
古埃及陶器上的銘文表明,人類(lèi)有三種性別,男女之外的第三個(gè)性別被稱(chēng)為塞赫特?sekhet
然而,現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有人知道這一結(jié)論背后的原因,也不知道第三個(gè)性別到底是干什么的。
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6?埃及艷后并不是埃及人
提到古埃及,知名度最大的歷史人物應(yīng)該就是埃及艷后了,也就是克里奧帕特拉七世?Cleopatra VII
然而,這個(gè)古代美妝界的扛把子其實(shí)并不算埃及人,她是個(gè)在埃及出生的希臘人。
Along with King Tut, perhaps no figure is more famously associated with ancient Egypt than Cleopatra VII. But while she was born in Alexandria, Cleopatra was actually part of a long line of Greek Macedonians originally descended from Ptolemy I, one of Alexander the Great’s most trusted lieutenants. The Ptolemaic Dynasty ruled Egypt from 323 to 30 B.C., and most of its leaders remained largely Greek in their culture and sensibilities. In fact, Cleopatra was famous for being one of the first members of the Ptolemaic dynasty to actually speak the Egyptian language.
除了圖坦卡蒙國(guó)王,古埃及最有名的人物可能就是克利奧帕特拉七世了。盡管克利奧帕特拉出生于亞歷山大港,但她實(shí)際上是希臘馬其頓人的后代,而馬其頓人是亞歷山大大帝最信任的副官之一托勒密一世的后代。從公元前323年到公元前30年,埃及是由托勒密王朝統(tǒng)治的,且其多數(shù)領(lǐng)袖在文化和情感基礎(chǔ)上基本仍屬希臘人。事實(shí)上,克利奧帕特拉作為托勒密王朝第一批真正會(huì)講埃及語(yǔ)的人之一而出名。
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7?圣誕節(jié)是1月7號(hào),不是12月25號(hào)
在伊斯蘭教國(guó)家中,埃及的世俗化程度和開(kāi)放性都是挺高的,接受了很多其他宗教和文化的元素,比如圣誕節(jié)。
圣誕節(jié)在埃及是法定節(jié)日,但埃及的圣誕節(jié)并不是12月25號(hào),而是1月7號(hào),因?yàn)檫@里的教派用了不同的歷法——科普特歷?Coptic?Calendar
科普特是東正教的一個(gè)派別。圖片來(lái)源:Wikipedia
每年圣誕節(jié)的節(jié)慶活動(dòng)從元旦就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了,相當(dāng)熱鬧。
Owing to its secularism and equality, the Christian holidays of Easter and Christmas both are national holidays and festivals in Egypt just like the Islamic holidays. Coptic Christmas is celebrated on the 7th of January and is celebrated all around Egypt regardless of faith and religion. Celebrated extravagantly especially in Cairo and Coptic regions of Egypt, the celebrations start around 1 week before the actual Christmas day.?
由于埃及的世俗主義和平等觀念,復(fù)活節(jié)和圣誕節(jié)這兩個(gè)基督教節(jié)日都是全國(guó)性的法定節(jié)日,和伊斯蘭節(jié)日一樣。整個(gè)埃及,無(wú)論是何種信仰和宗教的人,都會(huì)在每年1月7號(hào)開(kāi)始慶??破仗厥フQ節(jié)。這個(gè)節(jié)日在開(kāi)羅和科普勒地區(qū)尤為熱鬧。
P.S. 不管是哪個(gè)宗教,游客在進(jìn)入宗教建筑前需要脫掉鞋子。
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8?Facebook用戶(hù)數(shù)中東第一
埃及是中東地區(qū)臉書(shū)用戶(hù)最多的國(guó)家。埃及網(wǎng)民的人數(shù)居世界第21位,有超過(guò)2014萬(wàn)網(wǎng)民。埃及的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)為2011年埃及革命的成功做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。
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9?最盛大的節(jié)日:齋月
雖然埃及的文化比較多元,但最盛大的節(jié)日依舊是一個(gè)伊斯蘭教節(jié)日——齋月?Ramadan
齋月期間的豐盛美食。圖片來(lái)源:
在這一整個(gè)月的時(shí)間里,穆斯林們會(huì)在每天的日出到日落期間進(jìn)行齋戒:不吃飯、不飲酒、不吸煙、不進(jìn)行性生活。
聽(tīng)起來(lái)是很清苦的一個(gè)月?其實(shí)并不是,因?yàn)槊刻烊章渲簖S戒就結(jié)束了,大家會(huì)開(kāi)始大吃大喝過(guò)節(jié),街上會(huì)變得非常熱鬧,而且齋月期間還會(huì)有很多特色美食。
Ramadan is a national celebration that runs for a whole month and is held annually. During this time, the people fast during the day when the sun is up and break their fast when the sun sets and they can party, eat and drink.?Most Muslims fast (avoiding food, drink, sex, cigarettes) from sunrise to sunset throughout the month. Ramadan is generally a time of heightened piety. Muslims who might drink otherwise will often refrain.?The fast can have an effect on schedules with restaurants and shops staying closed during the middle of the day and opening after the fast is broken at sundown. Opening hours for tourism sites may shift as well, closing one hour earlier to allow employees to get home to break the fast.
齋月是埃及每年舉辦的為期一個(gè)月的全國(guó)性慶?;顒?dòng)。在這期間,人們會(huì)在太陽(yáng)升起時(shí)齋戒,在太陽(yáng)落山后結(jié)束齋戒,然后就可以吃喝玩樂(lè)了。大多數(shù)穆斯林這個(gè)月都會(huì)在日出到日落間進(jìn)行齋戒(避免飲食、飲酒、性生活與吸煙)。齋月期間大家通常都虔誠(chéng)得多,那些本來(lái)會(huì)飲酒的穆斯林一般也會(huì)開(kāi)始節(jié)制。齋戒過(guò)程可能會(huì)影響到你的時(shí)間表,因?yàn)椴蛷d和商店在白天都會(huì)關(guān)門(mén),日落后齋戒停止才會(huì)開(kāi)門(mén)。旅游景點(diǎn)的開(kāi)放時(shí)間也可能發(fā)生變化,它們會(huì)提早一小時(shí)關(guān)門(mén)好讓員工能回家結(jié)束齋戒。
游客們當(dāng)然不用跟著一起齋戒,不過(guò)由于全國(guó)大部分人都在齋戒,所以最好不要在外面公開(kāi)飲食,不然會(huì)顯得不禮貌。
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10?齋月期間的熱門(mén)甜點(diǎn):庫(kù)納法
前面有提到,齋月期間會(huì)有不少特色美食,這其中就包括庫(kù)納法?Kunafa
這種甜點(diǎn)的表面像鳥(niǎo)巢一樣,很有特色的酥皮點(diǎn)心。
圖片來(lái)源:YouTube@N'Oven - Cake & Cookies
庫(kù)納法在制作的時(shí)候要用糖漿浸泡,表面和內(nèi)部都可以加上各種各樣的配料,現(xiàn)在隨著餐飲業(yè)的發(fā)展,已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)多的口味和做法了。
Kunafa is a popular dessert around the Arab world and can be found in Egypt. It is?made with thin noodle-like pastry, or alternatively fine semolina dough, soaked in sweet, sugar-based syrup. As this is a famous Ramadan dessert, the past few years have seen the pastry’s stuffings and toppings developed to such an extent that shops compete with one another for the best kunafa during this month. Today, you can find mango kunafa, chocolate kunafa and even cheesecake kunafa.
庫(kù)納法是阿拉伯世界很流行的一種甜點(diǎn),在埃及也能找到。它是用一種薄薄的面條狀酥皮做的,或者也能用精細(xì)的粗麥面團(tuán)來(lái)做,然后浸在甜甜的蔗糖做的糖漿里。這是一種很有名的齋月甜點(diǎn),故去幾年里它的餡料和澆頭有了很大的發(fā)展,因?yàn)楦骷业甓紦屩谶@個(gè)月里做出比別家更精彩的庫(kù)納法?,F(xiàn)在,你可以看到芒果庫(kù)納法、巧克力庫(kù)納法,甚至還有芝士蛋糕庫(kù)納法。
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11?甜味的埃及酥餃:卡塔耶夫
卡塔耶夫?Qatayef?也是常見(jiàn)于齋月期間的美食,它看起來(lái)很像我們的酥餃,不過(guò)是甜的,里面的餡料是奶油和碎堅(jiān)果。
圖片來(lái)源:Wikipedia
和庫(kù)法納一樣,這道甜點(diǎn)也要浸糖漿,看來(lái)埃及人真的很喜歡用糖漿。
Commonly served during the month of Ramadan, qatayef is a dessert of Fatimid origin and is mostly found around the Levant and Egypt. These mini pancakes look a bit like dumplings and are stuffed with cream and nuts. However, unlike pancakes, qatayef are eaten crispy. They are fried in hot oil and soaked in syrup afterwards, which gives them a shiny golden color.
卡塔耶夫通常是在齋月期間供應(yīng),這是一道起源于法蒂瑪時(shí)代的甜點(diǎn)。這種迷你煎餅看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)像包了奶油和堅(jiān)果的餃子。與一般煎餅不同的是,卡塔耶夫是酥脆的。它們會(huì)先在滾油中炸好,然后浸在糖漿里,因此會(huì)有一種閃亮金黃的色澤。
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12?阿拉伯的好萊塢
埃及的電影產(chǎn)業(yè)雖然不能位列世界前三,但一定是中東及北非一代的扛把子,號(hào)稱(chēng)阿拉伯好萊塢。
除了電影產(chǎn)業(yè),埃及的音樂(lè)界也挺發(fā)達(dá)。
另外他們的創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)也挺不錯(cuò),之前埃及熊貓牌奶酪的廣告就在國(guó)內(nèi)火過(guò)一陣子,笑死了,現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上還能搜到那個(gè)視頻。
Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab world.?Since 1976, the capital has held the annual Cairo International Film Festival.?There is also another festival held in Alexandria. Of the more than 4,000 short and feature-length films made in MENA region since 1908, more than three-quarters were Egyptian films.
開(kāi)羅有阿拉伯世界中最老、最大的電影和音樂(lè)產(chǎn)業(yè)。從1976年開(kāi)始,這座首都每年會(huì)舉行開(kāi)羅國(guó)際電影節(jié)。在亞歷山大還有另一個(gè)電影節(jié)。1908年后,中東和北非地區(qū)拍的4000多部短片和常規(guī)電影中,有超過(guò)3/4都是埃及電影。
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13?大金字塔并不在沙漠中心,它在開(kāi)羅市內(nèi)
埃及的金字塔里最出名的就是吉薩金字塔群?Giza pyramid complex,也就是旅游宣傳照里通常會(huì)拍的那幾個(gè)。
圖片來(lái)源:圖蟲(chóng)創(chuàng)意
在這些照片里,這3座大金字塔總是座落在沙漠的天際線上,呈現(xiàn)出一種古埃及的神秘畫(huà)風(fēng)。所以不少人都以為它們是在沙漠中央,離城市很遠(yuǎn)。
其實(shí)它們就在開(kāi)羅繁華市區(qū)的跟前,對(duì)面就是車(chē)水馬龍,那些照片都是故意繞道后面的保護(hù)區(qū)拍的。
圖片來(lái)源:Wikipedia
Cairo is associated with ancient Egypt, as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area.?The modern city of Cairo stands right up against the pyramids of Giza.?Cairo?is now?the largest city in the Arab world.
開(kāi)羅現(xiàn)在是阿拉伯世界最大的城市。開(kāi)羅和古埃及的關(guān)系緊密,著名的吉薩金字塔群和孟菲斯古城都在現(xiàn)代開(kāi)羅的地理范圍內(nèi)?,F(xiàn)代化的開(kāi)羅市就在吉薩金字塔的腳跟前。
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14?在開(kāi)羅的街頭吃烤紅薯
大家小時(shí)候都在街上買(mǎi)過(guò)烤紅薯嗎?那種在小推車(chē)的爐子里現(xiàn)烤的。這種小吃在中國(guó)的中部挺常見(jiàn)的,小時(shí)候超喜歡買(mǎi)。(可惜現(xiàn)在很難看到這種小車(chē)了)
這種烤紅薯的小車(chē)也是開(kāi)羅的一大特產(chǎn),而且現(xiàn)在依然很多、很受歡迎。
圖片來(lái)源:圖蟲(chóng)創(chuàng)意
完整的紅薯直接在爐子里烤到熟透,表皮下面那一層烤成了好吃的焦糖,紅薯的芯也烤成了入口即化,最重要的是,一個(gè)紅薯只要兩塊多,超級(jí)便宜。
現(xiàn)在,除了這種傳統(tǒng)的烤紅薯,有的小車(chē)還會(huì)賣(mài)一些創(chuàng)意款,在切開(kāi)的烤紅薯上面放很多其他的東西,比如冰激凌。
If you have been out and about in Cairo, then you’ve definitely seen the Egyptian sweet potato carts. This healthy delicacy is one of cheapest desserts in Egypt and costs just around 5 Egyptian pounds. Locals usually line up by the cart, and the sweet potato is baked in front of them in a wood-fired oven. The sweet potato is cut into two halves and handed over to enthusiastic foodies in a piece of paper or newspaper. These days, there are even modernised carts that sell the sweet potato with ice cream, caramel sauce, chocolate and nuts as toppings.
如果你在開(kāi)羅一帶逛過(guò),那你肯定見(jiàn)過(guò)那些賣(mài)埃及烤紅薯的小車(chē)。這種健康又美味的小吃是埃及最便宜的甜點(diǎn),只要5埃及鎊(約2.22元)。當(dāng)?shù)厝私?jīng)常會(huì)在小車(chē)前排起隊(duì),看著眼前的紅薯在燒木頭的爐子里烤好。紅薯會(huì)被切成兩半,再用一張紙或者報(bào)紙包起來(lái)遞給迫不及待的吃貨們。如今,甚至?xí)懈F(xiàn)代化的小車(chē)賣(mài)帶澆頭的烤紅薯,澆頭包括冰激凌、焦糖醬、巧克力和堅(jiān)果等等。
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15?胡夫金字塔并非4個(gè)面
吉薩金字塔中最老、最大的是胡夫金字塔?Pyramid of Khufu,就是最前面靠近市區(qū)的那座,這座金字塔現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)聞名全球,世界各地的人都看過(guò)它的照片。
圖片來(lái)源:Wikipedia
但大家通常都把它的形狀搞錯(cuò)了。
它有幾個(gè)面?4個(gè)?錯(cuò)。
其實(shí)它有8個(gè)面,我們平常以為的那4個(gè)面其實(shí)都分別是兩個(gè)面,中間是凹進(jìn)去的。
圖片來(lái)源:
The shape of the Egyptian pyramids is said to have been inspired by the sun rays. According to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians, the king’s soul ascended along the sun rays to the sun god. The pyramids were erected?with stones so heavy they weigh up to 10 tons each. It is still not known exactly how this was done.
據(jù)說(shuō),埃及金字塔的形狀是受到了陽(yáng)光的啟發(fā)。古埃及人相信,埃及國(guó)王的靈魂隨著陽(yáng)光飛升至太陽(yáng)神那里。金字塔是用重達(dá)10噸的石頭建造的,目前還不清楚這是如何做到的。
這座金字塔中有一些通道至今還沒(méi)被探索過(guò)。
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16?最大的金字塔不在埃及
金字塔基本已經(jīng)成了埃及的代名詞,但世界上最大的金字塔并不在埃及,而是在墨西哥,是古代阿茲特克人?Aztec建立的喬魯拉大金字塔?Great Pyramid of Cholula
外形比埃及金字塔復(fù)雜不少。圖片來(lái)源:Wikipedia
現(xiàn)在這座金字塔的很多部分已經(jīng)被植物和土壤覆蓋了,所以要看模型才能看清全貌。
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17?木乃伊不光有人,還有動(dòng)物
不是只有法老會(huì)被制成木乃伊,制作木乃伊的行為在古代超級(jí)普遍,人和各種動(dòng)物都會(huì)被制成木乃伊,比如埃及人最喜歡的貓,盧浮宮就展出了不少貓木乃伊。
圖片來(lái)源:Wikipedia
The ancient Egyptians mummified both human beings and animals as they believed it would allow the dead to pass safely into the afterlife. Over four million mummies with the shape of a stork-like bird (Ibis) have been unearthed by scientists in Egypt’s Western Desert.
古埃及人會(huì)把人和動(dòng)物做成木乃伊,因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈胚@會(huì)使離世之人平穩(wěn)地進(jìn)入來(lái)生??茖W(xué)家在埃及西部沙漠中發(fā)現(xiàn)了400多萬(wàn)具鸛鳥(niǎo)形狀的木乃伊。
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18?貓奴始祖,超級(jí)愛(ài)貓
我們現(xiàn)在能養(yǎng)貓要多謝古埃及人,是他們最先馴化了野貓,之后才傳到了全世界,現(xiàn)在全球的家貓都是古埃及貓的后代。
古埃及人真的超級(jí)愛(ài)貓,甚至是崇拜貓,他們有好幾個(gè)神都是貓頭神,其中最出名的大概是愛(ài)神巴斯苔特?Bastet
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圖片來(lái)源:Wikipedia
巴斯苔特既是愛(ài)神,同時(shí)還是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之神,感覺(jué)這確實(shí)是貓會(huì)有的性格,陰晴不定。
家貓?jiān)诠虐<暗牡匚环浅8?,殺貓要判死刑,貓死后不光?huì)被做成木乃伊,而且主人家還會(huì)剃眉毛來(lái)哀悼。
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19?能住人的地方非常少
埃及的人口非常集中,幾乎全都集中在尼羅河沿岸,因?yàn)槌诉@里其他地方基本都是沙漠。(剩下的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)人住在零星的幾個(gè)綠洲,以及海岸一帶)
綠色的部分就是尼羅河沿岸以及三角洲。圖片來(lái)源:Wikipedia
埃及的降雨量非常少,所以尼羅河可以說(shuō)是貨真價(jià)實(shí)的母親河,整個(gè)埃及幾乎全靠它。
Egypt is the 15th country with the highest population in the world, with 99% of the country’s people living on just 5.5% of the land. Approximately 95% of Egypt’s population lives along the banks of river Nile, which is known to be the longest river on the globe. Egypt is largely covered by a desert, receiving only 20mm of rain per year.?
埃及的人口數(shù)量在世界上排名第十五位,99%的埃及人生活在埃及5.5%的陸地上。約95%的埃及人生活在尼羅河沿岸,眾所周知,尼羅河是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流。埃及大部分地區(qū)被沙漠所覆蓋,其每年的降雨量只有20毫米。
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20?尼羅河每年發(fā)洪水,而且非常準(zhǔn)時(shí)
尼羅河自古以來(lái)每年發(fā)一次洪水,并且非常準(zhǔn)時(shí),每年都是那幾個(gè)月,每次洪水都會(huì)在沿岸留下肥沃的土壤,所以埃及人才能在沙漠中種出莊稼,整個(gè)埃及文明就是靠尼羅河的洪水發(fā)展起來(lái)的。
現(xiàn)在開(kāi)羅的尼羅河沿岸。圖片來(lái)源:圖蟲(chóng)創(chuàng)意
尼羅河的洪水每年都是6月來(lái),埃及人根據(jù)它創(chuàng)造了1年365天的歷法,其中的洪水季是每年的第一個(gè)季節(jié)。
The three stages of the Egyptian flood cycle were Akhet, the time of the Nile flood, Peret, the sowing time, and Shemu, the time of harvest. Without this cycle people would die from starvation. The flood cycle was so predictable that the Egyptians even based their ancient calendar on it. Akhet was the first season of the year, between the months of June and September.
埃及洪水的三個(gè)階段分別是阿赫特(尼羅河的洪水季)、佩雷特(播種季)和謝沐(收獲季)。如果沒(méi)有這個(gè)循環(huán),人們就要餓死了。這個(gè)洪水的循環(huán)實(shí)在太準(zhǔn)時(shí)了,埃及的古歷法甚至就是根據(jù)它訂立的。洪水季是每年的第一個(gè)季節(jié),是從6月到9月。
現(xiàn)在尼羅河的洪水依然準(zhǔn)時(shí),但是它已經(jīng)不會(huì)沖擊沿岸的土壤了,因?yàn)榘<叭私ㄔ炝司薮蟮?b style="font-weight:600">阿斯旺大壩?Aswan high dam,它現(xiàn)在是全球第三大的人造大壩。
由于阿斯旺大壩的存在,現(xiàn)在尼羅河每年帶來(lái)的肥料都留在了蓄洪湖里,所以現(xiàn)在的埃及農(nóng)民每年要用大量的人工肥料。
In an attempt to conquer the frequent annual flooding of the river Nile, Egypt has one of the largest manmade dams: Aswan high dam. Following the construction of the Aswan high dam, the fertile silt settled in Lake Nasser. For this reason, Egyptian farmers annually use over a million tones of artificial fertilizer.
為了抵擋尼羅河每年頻發(fā)的洪水,埃及建造了世界上最大的人造大壩之一:阿斯旺大壩。阿斯旺大壩建成之后,肥沃的淤泥淤積在納賽爾湖中。由于這個(gè)原因,埃及農(nóng)民每年要使用100多萬(wàn)噸的人工肥。
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21?埃及人也愛(ài)吃米飯,稻米是主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品
埃及雖然是個(gè)沙漠國(guó)家,但卻是個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),全國(guó)有將近1/3的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。
埃及的長(zhǎng)絨棉享譽(yù)全球,是最重要的出口產(chǎn)品,然后他們還出口大量的稻米,埃及本身的飲食中也吃很多米飯。
Though Egypt is 90% desert, approximately 30% of their workforce is in agriculture. Egypt imports almost all their industrialized machinery, with their major imports being manufacturing and machinery equipment.?Rice is one of the major field crops, grown on nearly 500 000 feddans, and is considered the second most important export crop after cotton.
盡管埃及90%的領(lǐng)土都是沙漠,但埃及約30%的勞動(dòng)力以農(nóng)業(yè)為生。埃及幾乎所有的工業(yè)化機(jī)械都是進(jìn)口的,且其主要的進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品為生產(chǎn)和機(jī)械設(shè)備。稻米是埃及的主要作物之一,種植面積將近50萬(wàn)費(fèi)丹(約2100平方千米,費(fèi)丹是埃及的面積單位),稻米被視為埃及第二重要的出口作物,僅次于棉花。
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22?埃及拌飯
埃及最常見(jiàn)的米飯料理大概是埃及拌飯可沙利?Koshary
圖片來(lái)源:
這道菜的主要原料除了米飯還有意大利通心粉和小扁豆,然后還有一種埃及風(fēng)味的番茄醬,全都拌在一起吃,分量通常相當(dāng)大。
Koshary is a dish made of rice, macaroni, and lentils and topped with chickpeas, onion, and a special tomato-vinegar sauce. It sounds heavy, and it is – it is known as a “poor man’s dish” as the ingredients are staple items that could be found in any pantry. Koshary is now a cultural phenomenon, with entire shops dedicated entirely to serving this delicious yet inexpensive meal.
可沙利是用米飯、通心粉和小扁豆做成的一道菜肴,然后在上面撒上鷹嘴豆、洋蔥和一種特殊的番茄醋醬料。這道菜聽(tīng)起來(lái)分量很重,而它確實(shí)是很大一份,它又被稱(chēng)為“窮人的菜”,因?yàn)樗呐淞蠌娜魏问称穬?chǔ)藏室里都能找到。如今可沙利成為一種文化現(xiàn)象,所有商店都會(huì)提供這種美味又便宜的菜肴。?
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23?埃及蓋澆飯
除了埃及拌飯,埃及蓋澆飯法塔赫?Fattah?也是常見(jiàn)的米飯吃法。
圖片來(lái)源:Yumamia
這種米飯料理中會(huì)有炸過(guò)的面包片,頂上會(huì)有大塊的牛肉或羊肉,然后同樣還有埃及風(fēng)味的番茄醬。
Fattah is a rice dish made with fried pieces of bread, a garlic and tomato sauce, and lamb or beef. Newer, trendier restaurants get a little fancy and make fusion options such as chicken shawerma fattah.
法塔赫是用炸面包片、一種用大蒜和番茄制成的醬、羊肉或牛肉做成的蓋飯。新穎又時(shí)尚的餐廳會(huì)搞出一些花樣,提供融合菜式,如雞肉沙瓦瑪法塔赫。
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24?埃及包飯
包飯?Mahshi?看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)像我們的粽子,不過(guò)它用的是葡萄葉,而且是連著葉子一起吃。
圖片來(lái)源:
包飯的米不像粽子那么結(jié)實(shí),而是一種松散的調(diào)味飯。這道菜在東地中海一帶的很多國(guó)家都有,不過(guò)各地的口味不一樣。
除了這種用葡萄葉包的包飯,你還能看到用燈籠椒包的、用西葫蘆包的、用茄子包的等等。
Mahshi translates directly to “stuffed”, but most commonly refers to stuffed grape vine leaves. This popular dish is prevalent in most Mediterranean countries, but I’m biased, so I say the Egyptian version is the best. Small bites of spiced rice are wrapped tightly in grape leaves, then cooked in a tomato-based sauce and served with lemon. Mahshi is delicious – why else do you think a?bunch of countries have adopted it as its own?
包飯可直譯為“含餡的”,但它通常是指用葡萄葉包著的食物。在大多數(shù)地中海國(guó)家,這道菜都很流行,但我認(rèn)為埃及的是最美味的。把少量調(diào)過(guò)味的米飯裹在葡萄葉里,然后加入番茄醬煮熟,再配上檸檬就可以食用了。包飯真的很美味,不然你覺(jué)得為什么那么多國(guó)家都把它視為本國(guó)特色菜?
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25?埃及米布丁
除了用米做飯,埃及人也用米來(lái)做甜點(diǎn),這種米布丁?rice pudding?是加入牛奶制成的。
然后表面會(huì)放上各式各樣的配料,有葡萄干的,有堅(jiān)果的,也有肉桂粉的。
圖片來(lái)源:
Rice pudding. This desert may not be of Egyptian origin, but it is surely pretty popular around Egypt. Found in different areas of the world, it’s made by mixing rice, water and milk. Optional ingredients include raisins, nuts and cinnamon. Recipes vary depending on the location. In Cairo, toppings include ice cream, pistachio and nuts.
米布丁,雖然這道甜點(diǎn)可能并非源自埃及,但它在埃及確實(shí)很流行。全球很多地方都能找到這種甜點(diǎn),它是用大米、水和牛奶混合制成的??蛇x的原料還包括葡萄干、堅(jiān)果、肉桂。各地的做法不盡相同。在開(kāi)羅,上面的澆頭可能有冰激凌、開(kāi)心果以及其他堅(jiān)果。
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26?埃及的旅游業(yè)很發(fā)達(dá),陽(yáng)光非常好
旅游業(yè)是埃及主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng),有差不多12%的勞動(dòng)力從事旅游業(yè)。
這一方面歸功于它豐富的歷史和飲食文化,另一方面還因?yàn)榘<暗暮锰鞖?,由于降雨少,埃及幾乎全年都是晴天?/p>
Aswan is the third sunniest place in the world with 3863 hours of sun each year, that’s 10 hours of sun a day!
在全球陽(yáng)光最充足的地區(qū)中,阿斯旺排名第三,該地區(qū)每年的光照時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)3863小時(shí),也就是說(shuō),該地區(qū)每天的光照時(shí)長(zhǎng)為10小時(shí)!
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27?埃及千層面
埃及飲食中也有意大利通心粉,這就是人們常說(shuō)的埃及千層面?Egyptian lasagna
圖片來(lái)源:YouTube@NiletoRockies Cuisine
與意大利那種伴著吃的通心粉不同,埃及的這是一道焗烤而成的砂鍋菜,烤好了切成塊來(lái)吃。
實(shí)際上那種干的意大利面本來(lái)不是意大利本土的東西,而是由阿拉伯人引入的。
Macaroni bil Bechamel, most fondly known as "Egyptian lasagna," this dish consist of oven-baked macaroni with béchamel sauce, ground beef, and spices.
調(diào)味通心粉最廣為人知的名字是“埃及千層面”,這道菜是在通心粉上撒上白汁醬、碎牛肉和香料,然后烤制而成的。
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28?牛肝三明治
如果你喜歡吃動(dòng)物的肝臟,那你大概很喜歡埃及的這種特色三明治。
這種肝臟三明治?Kebda Sandwiches?通常用的是牛肝,而且牛肝的分量很足,并且比較辣。
圖片來(lái)源:BAB El HADID
Kebda (Liver) Sandwiches. I've never met a culture that loves liver as much as Egyptians do. Seriously, there are tons of street carts dedicated solely to serving kebda sandwiches.
肝臟三明治,我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)像埃及人那樣喜歡動(dòng)物肝臟的文化。說(shuō)真的,埃及有很多手推車(chē)小販專(zhuān)賣(mài) 肝臟三明治。
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29?碧綠的苦菜湯
莫洛西亞?Molokhia?是中東和北非一帶常見(jiàn)的一種苦菜,它生吃的時(shí)候挺苦的,所以埃及人一般不會(huì)生吃它。
埃及人會(huì)把這種菜切得很碎很碎,然后煮成一種粘稠的深綠色濃湯,再和肉搭配在一起吃。
據(jù)說(shuō)這道菜很受小孩子歡迎。
Molokhia. It’s a leafy green vegetable, but it’s never eaten raw. It’s finely chopped and cooked with a bunch of aromatic spices, and by the time it’s ready for consumption, it looks like a thick, green stew. Some people say it’s slimy, and it is ever so slightly so, but when cooked well, the taste overpowers the consistency. It’s often served with chicken or beef, but you can sometimes find it with rabbit as well (a delicacy I have not yet tried). It’s often served over rice. I’m not sure how successful I was in making it sound appetizing, but let me tell you this – all the Arab children I’ve ever encountered love it.
莫洛西亞是一種多葉的綠色蔬菜,但埃及人從不生吃這種菜。把它切碎,然后加入香料煮至可食用之時(shí),這時(shí)候它看起來(lái)就像濃稠的綠色燉菜。有人說(shuō)它黏糊糊的,有時(shí)候它確實(shí)有些黏稠,但是煮得好的時(shí)候,它的味道會(huì)蓋過(guò)它的粘稠。它通常與雞肉或牛肉一起食用,但有時(shí)也會(huì)與兔肉一起食用(我還沒(méi)嘗過(guò)這種美味)。人們往往會(huì)把它澆在米飯上食用。我不確定我是否成功地引起了你的食欲,但我想告訴你,我遇到的所有阿拉伯兒童都喜歡它。
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30?無(wú)處不在的泡菜
埃及和中東的其他不少?lài)?guó)家一樣,很喜歡泡菜,而且他們基本什么都泡,只要是蔬菜都行。
圖片來(lái)源:圖蟲(chóng)創(chuàng)意
如果你是那種吃飯喜歡配咸菜的人,你大概很能適應(yīng)埃及的飲食,他們吃什么都能配泡菜。
While technically not a dish on its own, torshi (pickled veggies) deserves its own mention as a staple of Egypt's cuisine. Why? Because it is served with almost everything. In Egypt, pickles are more than just cucumbers. Almost any kind of vegetable can be turned into torshi: cauliflower, carrots, peppers – the list goes on and on.
雖然嚴(yán)格地講,泡菜并不是一道單一的菜,但作為埃及菜的主要菜品,它還是值得一提的。為什么呢?因?yàn)樗鼛缀蹩梢院退械氖澄镆黄鹗秤谩T诎<?,泡菜不僅僅有黃瓜。幾乎所有蔬菜都可以做成泡菜:花椰菜、胡蘿卜、辣椒等等。
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31?不一樣的千層餅
埃及千層餅?Sweet Feteer?看起來(lái)和我們的很像,也有點(diǎn)像蔥油餅,但這種餅?zāi)J(rèn)是甜的,吃的時(shí)候常常配蜂蜜,是一道比較有名的埃及土特產(chǎn)。
圖片來(lái)源:
這種餅也和很多其他的埃及甜點(diǎn)一樣,現(xiàn)在發(fā)展出越來(lái)越多的吃法,有時(shí)候也會(huì)用咸的餡料。但最經(jīng)典的一些吃法還是甜的。
This is how they pamper you in any Egyptian village!?Sweet Feteer, a flaky and layered pastry with no stuffing, is known as an Egyptian specialty. It is served with white honey and fresh cream, black honey and tahini, or Egyptian cheese. It’s sold today with diverse stuffings, both savoury and sweet. The most popular sweet feteer is with milk and honey, sprinkled with white sugar powder.
埃及的村子就是這樣讓人暴飲暴食的!甜千層餅,一種酥脆、多層、不帶餡料的酥皮餅,是埃及的一道名產(chǎn)。它可以搭配白蜂蜜和新鮮奶油來(lái)吃,或者是黑蜂蜜配中東芝麻醬,又或者配埃及奶酪?,F(xiàn)在賣(mài)的甜千層餅可能有各種餡料,甜的和咸的都有。最受歡迎的甜千層餅是配牛奶和蜂蜜,上面再撒上白色的糖霜。
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32?粗麥做的蛋糕:巴斯博薩
巴斯博薩?Basbousa?這道甜點(diǎn)起源于土耳其,但埃及的版本有自己獨(dú)特的風(fēng)味。
這道甜點(diǎn)的原料很有地方特色,是粗麥,做好之后會(huì)像很多其他甜點(diǎn)一樣浸糖漿,埃及人真的很喜歡用糖漿。
A toothsome dessert that has crossed boundaries, basbousa is of Ottoman origin. The delicacy’s name changes from country to country; it’s called basbousa in Egypt. Semolina is the crucial base ingredient for it, which is why it is also known as semolina cake. The Egyptian version is usually thin, soaked in sweet syrup, soft from the inside, and topped with almonds and fresh cream.
這種美味的甜點(diǎn)已經(jīng)超越了國(guó)界,巴斯博薩起源于奧斯曼帝國(guó)。這道甜點(diǎn)在不同的國(guó)家有不同的名字,它在埃及的名字是巴斯博薩。粗麥?zhǔn)撬暮诵脑希运直环Q(chēng)為粗麥蛋糕。埃及的版本通常很薄,用糖漿浸泡,內(nèi)部很軟,頂上會(huì)放杏仁和鮮奶油。
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33?阿里的媽媽是一道甜點(diǎn)
阿里的爸爸是一家公司,而阿里的媽媽是一道甜點(diǎn),阿里自己是打拳擊的。
這道阿里媽媽?Om Ali?光是看著就很有食欲,它是把弄碎的酥皮或面包浸泡在牛奶里烤制而成,酥脆和幼滑的口感碰撞在一起,要趁熱吃。
This is a must-try dessert even if you set foot in Egypt for a minute. Om Ali, meaning Ali’s mother, is made of layers of puff pasty soaked in milk and mixed with nuts, raisins, coconut flakes and sugar, then thrown into the oven to bake. The cooked pastry with the hot milk, complemented by various different ingredients, makes this a dish to remember.
即使你只在埃及呆一分鐘,也一定要嘗嘗這道甜點(diǎn)。Om Ali的意思是“阿里的媽媽”,這道甜點(diǎn)是用一層層泡芙酥皮制成的,這些酥皮浸滿(mǎn)了牛奶,還混合了堅(jiān)果、葡萄干、椰子碎和糖,然后再放進(jìn)爐子烤。烤好的酥皮混著熱牛奶,再加上各種配料的烘托,讓這道菜十分難忘。
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34?長(zhǎng)得像豬耳朵的甜食:糖耳朵
又是一道要浸泡糖漿的埃及甜點(diǎn),糖耳朵?meshabek?看著有點(diǎn)像我們的豬耳朵,但是更晶瑩剔透一些。
圖片來(lái)源:Wikipedia
這個(gè)是把一圈一圈的條狀面團(tuán)深度油炸再裹上糖漿制成的,好吃是好吃,但熱量肯定也很爆表。
A popular sweet in Iran and India, jalebi is also very prominent in Egypt, but it is mostly called meshabek. It is made by deep frying flour in circular shapes and soaking it in sugar syrup. It’s chewy from the inside and has the perfect amount of sugar to tantalise your taste buds. It can be found in most local bakery shops for an affordable price.
糖耳朵是一道在伊朗和印度很受歡迎的甜食,它在埃及也很常見(jiàn),不過(guò)它在這里通常被叫做meshabek。它是一種油炸的環(huán)裝面團(tuán),炸好了再浸入糖漿。它的內(nèi)部很有嚼勁,完美的甜度誘惑著你的味蕾。當(dāng)?shù)氐拿姘炕径加匈u(mài),而且價(jià)格很低廉。
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35?古埃及的紐約:亞歷山大
開(kāi)羅并非一直是埃及的中心,在埃及艷后所在的托勒密王朝時(shí)期,埃及的中心是亞歷山大?Alexandria
圖片來(lái)源:Wikipedia
當(dāng)時(shí)的亞歷山大不光是埃及的中心,它的規(guī)模和富裕程度在全世界都名列前茅,而且相當(dāng)國(guó)際化,基本就等于現(xiàn)在的紐約。(托勒密王朝大約是公元前200年,也就是中國(guó)的西漢時(shí)代)
這里曾經(jīng)擁有上古時(shí)期的全球頂尖學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)——亞歷山大的大圖書(shū)館?The Great Library of Alexandria
很可惜,后來(lái)這個(gè)大圖書(shū)館被毀了,并沒(méi)有流傳下來(lái),就和亞歷山大的絕大部分古跡一樣。現(xiàn)在的亞歷山大已經(jīng)基本沒(méi)有古時(shí)候的遺產(chǎn)了,不過(guò)它仍是埃及第二大的城市,也是全球最重要的港口。
During the time of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, Alexandria was second only to Rome in size and wealth. But due to centuries of major battles in the city, very little of Alexandria is left. And what conquering armies didn’t demolish, earthquakes shook the ground and finished off the rest. Although Alexandria was an ancient version of New York City, after the capital was moved in 641, the city went into centuries of decline. When Napoleon arrived, he came upon little more than a small fishing village. Fortunately in the 19th century, it was revived as part of an industrialization program. And now it is the largest port in the country. The Western Harbor alone handles 60-70% of the entire country’s imports and exports.
在托勒密王朝時(shí)期,亞歷山大的規(guī)模和財(cái)富都傲視全球,僅次于羅馬。不過(guò)由于這個(gè)城市在幾個(gè)世紀(jì)中經(jīng)歷了許多大戰(zhàn),古亞歷山大留下來(lái)的遺產(chǎn)已經(jīng)很少了;即使是侵略者沒(méi)有毀掉的那些,也被地震毀掉了。雖然亞歷山相當(dāng)于古代的紐約,但在公園641年埃及遷都后,這座城市經(jīng)歷了連續(xù)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的衰退。當(dāng)拿破侖來(lái)到這里的時(shí)候,他看見(jiàn)的已經(jīng)不比一個(gè)小漁村大多少了。好在到了十九世紀(jì),它借由一個(gè)工業(yè)化計(jì)劃得到了復(fù)興?,F(xiàn)在亞歷山大已經(jīng)是全國(guó)最大的港口,其中西港一個(gè)港口就承擔(dān)了全國(guó)60%-70%的進(jìn)出口。
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36?只在亞歷山大才能買(mǎi)到的甜點(diǎn):哈利撒
哈利撒?Harissa?是亞歷山大的特產(chǎn),是粗麥蛋糕的一種,只在亞歷山大有賣(mài)。
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不少開(kāi)羅人會(huì)特地去亞歷山大買(mǎi)這種甜點(diǎn)帶回家。
A very similar dessert to basbousa is harissa, which is thicker and slightly different in texture and taste. In other countries, harissa is known as a red chilli paste used in cooking. In Egypt, the dessert is solely sold in Alexandria, the second largest city. Many Cairo residents love it so much that they make it a point to pick some up during their trip to the city and take it back home for their families.
哈利撒是一個(gè)和巴斯博薩很像的甜點(diǎn),不過(guò)更厚實(shí),質(zhì)地和味道都不太一樣。在別的國(guó)家,哈利撒這個(gè)詞指的是一種烹飪用的辣椒醬。在埃及,這種甜點(diǎn)只在全國(guó)第二大城市亞歷山大有賣(mài)。很多開(kāi)羅居民實(shí)在太愛(ài)這種甜點(diǎn)了,所以去亞歷山大的時(shí)候會(huì)特地給家里人帶一些回去。
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37?地球的周長(zhǎng)最早在亞歷山大測(cè)量
亞歷山大曾經(jīng)是全球領(lǐng)先的學(xué)術(shù)中心,幾何之父歐幾里得?Euclid?就是在這里寫(xiě)完了《幾何原本》。
全球首次測(cè)量地球的周長(zhǎng)也發(fā)生在亞歷山大,做這件事的人就是古希臘的地理學(xué)之父埃拉托色尼?Eratosthenes
Eratosthenes?first calculated the circumference of the earth in Alexandria by measuring how far camels traveled through the desert. Alexandria was also home to other famous mathematicians such as Euclid.
最早是埃拉托色尼在亞歷山大通過(guò)測(cè)量駱駝穿越沙漠的距離計(jì)算了地球的周長(zhǎng)。亞歷山大也是很多其他著名數(shù)學(xué)家的家,比如歐幾里得。
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38?埃及的國(guó)旗全面叫板英國(guó)
現(xiàn)在的埃及國(guó)旗分成紅白黑3條色帶,這3個(gè)顏色全都是在叫板英國(guó)這個(gè)曾經(jīng)的殖民者。
The Egyptian Flag is tricolor consisting of red, white and black colors. The red color is a representation of the struggle against the British colonialists before their independence. White represents the 1952 revolution that ended the monarchy without a war, while black symbolizes the oppression of the Egyptian under the British rule.
埃及國(guó)旗由紅、白、黑三色組成。紅色代表了在埃及獨(dú)立之前,埃及人民與英國(guó)殖民者的抗?fàn)帲话咨砹?952年埃及革命,在這次革命中,埃及人沒(méi)有通過(guò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)就結(jié)束了英國(guó)的君主統(tǒng)治;而黑色代表了在英國(guó)的統(tǒng)治下,埃及人所遭受的壓迫。
至于白色那一條中間的鷹,那是埃及的國(guó)徽——薩拉丁之鷹?Eagle of Saladin
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39?埃及的總統(tǒng)基本都沒(méi)有好下場(chǎng)
在2015年之前,所有的埃及總統(tǒng)在離任前要么是死,要么就是被抓去坐牢了。
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40?埃及女性復(fù)雜的地位
埃及和大部分穆斯林國(guó)家一樣,女性在文化上依舊被認(rèn)為地位低于男人,但埃及女性在法律和經(jīng)濟(jì)上享有很大的獨(dú)立性。
While they may have been publicly and socially viewed as inferior to men, Egyptian women enjoyed a great deal of legal and financial independence. They could buy and sell property, serve on juries, make wills and even enter into legal contracts. Unlike the women of ancient Greece, who were effectively owned by their husbands, Egyptian women also had the right to divorce and remarry. Egyptian couples were even known to negotiate an ancient prenuptial agreement. These contracts listed all the property and wealth the woman had brought into the marriage and guaranteed that she would be compensated for it in the event of a divorce.
盡管埃及女性可能被公認(rèn)為低于男性,但她們?cè)诜珊徒?jīng)濟(jì)上享有極大的獨(dú)立性。她們可以買(mǎi)賣(mài)財(cái)產(chǎn),擔(dān)任陪審員,立遺囑,甚至簽訂法律合同。古希臘的女性屬于她們的丈夫,但埃及女性則不同,她們也有離婚和再婚的權(quán)利。廣為人知的是,埃及夫婦甚至?xí)潭ㄒ环菖f式的婚前協(xié)議。這些協(xié)議列出了婚前女方帶來(lái)的所有財(cái)產(chǎn),并保證一旦離婚,女方將得到補(bǔ)償。
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41?吉普賽人是埃及人的簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng),但他們并不是埃及人
影視作品里常出現(xiàn)的吉普賽人?Gypsy?其實(shí)是對(duì)埃及人?Egyptians?的簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng),但吉普賽人和埃及并沒(méi)有關(guān)系,他們實(shí)際上是從印度北部來(lái)的。
另外,“吉普賽”這個(gè)稱(chēng)呼其實(shí)是個(gè)蔑稱(chēng),現(xiàn)在西方國(guó)家為了表示尊重一般都不會(huì)這么叫了,而是叫他們“羅姆人”?Romani people
Gypsy?is a short name for “Egyptian”.?Gypsies were originally thought to have come from Egypt and some of the earliest references to them in English, dating back to the 16th century, call them "Egyptians".?They were accompanied by a legend that they had been expelled from Egypt for trying to hide Jesus.?A genetic analysis of 13 Gypsy groups around Europe, published in?Current Biology?journal, has revealed that the arrival on the continent of their forebears from northern India happened far earlier than was thought, about 1,500 years ago.
埃及人又被簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為“Gypsy”(吉普賽人)。吉普賽人最早被認(rèn)為是從埃及來(lái)的,英語(yǔ)中一些早至十六世紀(jì)的紀(jì)錄把他們稱(chēng)為“埃及人”。與他們一同到來(lái)的還有一個(gè)傳說(shuō),說(shuō)他們是因?yàn)槠髨D藏起耶穌才被從埃及放逐的。但《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》期刊上一篇涉及13個(gè)吉普賽族群的遺傳學(xué)分析則顯示他們的祖先是在約1500年前從印度北部來(lái)到歐洲的,這比大家想的要早得多。
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翻譯:Dlacus