動詞不定式的用法
動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,因此,在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。
一、常接不定式作賓語的動詞有want,love,learn,agree,decide,hope,refuse等。例如:
I'm learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上學(xué)滑冰。
[特別提醒]不定式短語作賓語時,如果還帶有賓語補足語,通常用it作形式賓語,而把不定式短語放在賓語補足語之后。例如:
He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他發(fā)現(xiàn)入睡很困難。
二、動詞不定式常用作目的狀語。例如:
He came to give us a talk yesterday. 他昨天來給我們作了個報告。
Mrs Brown went to see her doctor. 布朗夫人去看她的醫(yī)生了。
三、tell,ask,want,order,get,wish,warn,teach,invite等動詞后常跟不定式作賓語的補足語,構(gòu)成tell/ ask……sb to do sth(“告訴/請……某人做某事”)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
Could you ask him to call me,please? 請你讓他給我打個電話,好嗎?
[特別提醒]使役動詞let,make,have等,感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice,look at,listen to等,后常跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。例如:
A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 一位婦女路過時看到(它掉下)了。
We often heard her sing in the next room. 我們經(jīng)常聽到她在隔壁唱歌。
注意:在被動語態(tài)句子中,不定式前必須加to.例如:
He was made to do it. 他被迫做這件事。
She was often heard to sing in the next room. 經(jīng)常聽到她在隔壁唱歌。
四、不定式短語作定語要放在被修飾的詞語之后。例如:
I have a lot of work to do. 我有許多事情要做。
五、不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,真正的主語不定式短語放在后面。例如:
It is right to give up smoking. 戒煙是有益的。
六、作表語。例如:
To him,the first important thing was to save lives. 對他來說,最重要的事情就是拯救生命。
His wish is to become a scientist. 他的愿望是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。
七、動詞不定式用在疑問詞how,when,where,what,which等之后,作賓語或賓語補足語。例如:
He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我們?nèi)绾问褂糜嬎銠C。
I don't know where to go? 我不知道去哪里。
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