上一篇文章中,筆者重點(diǎn)和考生們探討了是非無(wú)判斷題中TRUE的情況。本文當(dāng)中,閱讀組的專(zhuān)家將會(huì)向廣大考生們介紹FALSE的幾種常見(jiàn)情況。

一,題目和原文直接矛盾。這種情況也就是指題目和原文的表述是直接相反的,是比較直接的一種出題方式,一般以反義轉(zhuǎn)換作為矛盾的體現(xiàn)方式,較明顯。如劍橋5中出現(xiàn)的這種情況,

題目:Johnson set up an academy to help with the writing of his Dictionary.

原文:Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language;

此題非常容易判別出來(lái),即使考生的英文基礎(chǔ)薄弱,不能準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別出academy的意思,也并不影響考生通過(guò)否定詞not來(lái)判斷出本題的正確答案FALSE。

當(dāng)然,不是所有和原文直接矛盾的題目都會(huì)以反義轉(zhuǎn)換的方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。如劍橋4的G類(lèi)考題中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)這樣的例子,

題目:The elections for the Union President and Executive Committee are held together.

原文:The Union is very active and is run by an Executive Committee elected by students in the Autumn Term. The President is elected every Summer Term to provide continuity for the next academic year.

介于是G類(lèi)的文章,此題本身不存在太大的理解上的難度??忌灰軠?zhǔn)確捕捉到原文描述的兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)并不是在一起的就可以沒(méi)有障礙的判斷出題目的正確答案了。

二,以偏概全。這種情況出現(xiàn)時(shí),往往原文中是多個(gè)條件并列,題目只是其中一個(gè)條件??忌浑y想象,要出現(xiàn)這種情況,題目中必然出現(xiàn)諸如must或only這類(lèi)詞以達(dá)成題目這種“偏”的情況。用一個(gè)示例說(shuō)明,

題目:Only Russians have won gold medals in the men’s winter Olympics.

原文:Since the start of Winter Games, 45 out of 46 gold medals in men’s Nordic skiing event have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.

此題陳述只有Russians獲得了冬運(yùn)會(huì)所有金牌。這里用到了 ‘Only’這個(gè)詞來(lái)造成“偏”的情況去概括原文當(dāng)中的“全”,即北歐人和前蘇聯(lián)的選手以及那位不知從哪個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)的金牌得主。所以答案應(yīng)為FALSE。