2018年8月18日雅思考試預(yù)測

【聽力】

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Section 1 & Section 2重點(diǎn)場景（生活類）：課程咨詢，服務(wù)咨詢，租房買房，預(yù)定活動場地，地點(diǎn)介紹，旅游。

Section 3 & Section 4重點(diǎn)場景（學(xué)術(shù)類）：論文討論，師生討論，學(xué)術(shù)研究，課程作業(yè)，植物講座，動物講座。

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Section 1

Questions 1-2

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.

Advice on plumbers and decorators

Example Make sure the company is: local

Pont call a plumber during the 1 _____?????? Look at trade website: 2

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Questions 3-10

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.

Name	Positive points	Negative points
Peake’s Plumbing	Pleasant and friendly Give 3 _____ information Good quality work	? Always 4 _____
John Damerol Plumbing Services	5 _____ than other companies ? Reliable	Not very polite Tends to be 6 _____
Simonson Plasterers	Able to do lots of different 7 _____	? More 8 _____ than other companies
H.L. Plastering	Reliable. Also able to do 9 _____	? Prefers not to use long 10 _____

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SECTION 2?? Questions 11-20

Question 11

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

11. The purpose of the talk is to:

A show students some interesting places on a tour

B give instructions and information on a tour

C give students an interesting experience on a tour

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Questions 12-15

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Students should leave home at about 12 _____

The telephone number to call if they are late is 13 _____ ??????????

The students should buy a 14? _____ ticket because the tour will take 15_____hours.

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Questions 16-19

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ORA HUMBER for each answer.

Place	Stay/Minutes	Do?
Town halt	XXX	Meet on steps
Library	16	Look at facilities
Cinema	XXX	17 _____ movies
Art gallery	15 minutes	18 _____
Restaurants, bars, cafes	XXXX	????? return later to sample food I and atmosphere ????? meet local students
19 _____	Until end of tour	Eat picnic lunch

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Question 20

Choose OHE letter, A-F.

The speaker says that the students don't need to bring:

A comfortable shoes and clothes??

B drinks

C sunscreen?

D lunch

E hat?????

F extra money

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Section 3

Questions 21 and 30

Complete the notes below.

Write no more than three words for each answer.

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Novel: 21???? _____

Protagonists: Mary Lennox; Colin Craven

Time period: Early in 22 _____

Plot: Mary -? UK - meets Colin who thinks he'll never be able to 23 _____ . They become friends.

Point of view: “Omniscient” - narrator knows all about characters' feelings, opinions and 24 _____ Audience: Good for children - story simple to follow

Symbols (physical items that represent 25 _____ ):

• the robin redbreast
• 26 _____
• the portrait of Mistress Craven
• Motifs (patterns in the story):
• the Garden of Eden
• secrecy - metaphorical and literal transition from 27 _____
• Themes: Connections between
• 28 _____ and outlook
• 29 _____ and well-being
• individuals and the need for 30 _____

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Section 4

Questions 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

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The Tawny Owl

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Most 31.................. owl species in UK

Strongly nocturnal

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Habitat

Mainly lives in 32..................., but can also be seen in urban areas, e.g. parks.

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Adaptations

????? Short wings and 33..................., for navigation

????? Brown and 34..................feathers, for camouflage

????? Large eyes (more effective than those of 35..................), for good night vision

????? Very good spatial 36..................., for predicting where prey might be found

????? Excellent 37..................., for locating prey from a perch

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Diet

Main food is small mammals.

Owls in urban areas eat more 38............... .

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Survival

Two thirds of young owl die within a 39.............. .

Owls don't disperse over long distances.

Owls seem to dislike flying ever large areas of 40................... .

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Answer key

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Section 1

1 weekend(s)

2 plasdeco

3 clear

4 late/unreliable

5 cheaper

6 messy

7 designs

8 expensive

9 painting

10 ladder(s)

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Section 2

11. B

12. 9:15

13. 0482557369

14. one-way ticket

15. 3

16. 20 minutes

17. check out

18. look at exhibits

19. park

20. D

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Section 3

21. The Secret Garden

22. (the)twentieth????? century

23. walk

24. motivations

25. abstract ideas

26. roses

27. dark(ness)???? to light(ness)

28. health

29. environment

30. human companionship

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Section 4

31?? common

32?? woodland/woods/forcst(s)

33?? tail

34?? grey/gray

35?? humans/people

36?? memory

37?? hearing

38?? birds

39?? year

40?? water

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【閱讀】

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Bondi Beach

A Bondi Beach, Australia’s most famous beach, is located in the suburb of Bondi, in the Local Government Area of Waveriey, seven kilometers from the centre of Sydney. “Bondiu” or “Boondi” is an Aboriginal word meaning water breaking over rocks or the sound of breaking waves. The Australian Museum records that Bondi means place where a flight of nullas took place. There are Aboriginal Rock carvings on the northern end of the beach at Ben Buckler and south of Bondi Beach near McKenzies Beach on the coastal walk.

B The indigenous people of the area at the time of European settlement have generally been welcomed to as the Sydney people or the Eora (Eora means “the people”). One theory describes the Eora as a sub-group of the Darug language group which occupied the Cumberland Plain west to the Blue Mountains. However, another theory suggests that they were a distinct language group of their own. There is no clear evidence for the name or names of the particular band(s) of the Eora that roamed what is now the Waveriey area. A number of place names within Waveriey, most famously Bondi, have been based on words derived from Aboriginal languages of the Sydney region.

C From the mid-1800s Bondi Beach was a favourite location for family outings and picnics, the beginnings of the suburb go back to 1809, when the early road builder, William Roberts, received from Governor Bligh a grant of 81 hectares of what is now most of the business and residential area of Bondi Beach. In 1851, Edward Smith Hall and Francis O’Brien purchased 200 acres of the Bondi area that embraced almost the whole frontage of Bondi Beach, and it was named the “The Bondi Estate.” Between 1855 and 1877 O’Brien purchased Hall’s share of the land, renamed the land the “O’Brien Estate,” and made the beach and the surrounding land available to the public as a picnic ground and amusement resort. As the beach became increasingly popular, O’Brien threatened to stop public beach access. However, the Municipal Council believed that the Government needed to intervene to make the beach a public reserve.

D During the 1900s beach became associated with health, leisure and democracy – a playground everyone could enjoy equally. Bondi Beach was a working class suburb throughout most of the twentieth century with migrant people from New Zealand comprising the majority of the local population. The first tramway reached the beach in 1884. Following this, tram became the first public transportation in Bondi. As an alternative, this action changed the rule that only rich people can enjoy the beach. By the 1930s Bondi was drawing not only local visitors but also people from elsewhere in Australia and overseas. Advertising at the time referred to Bondi Beach as the “Playground of the Pacific”.

E There is a growing trend that people prefer having relax near seaside instead of living unhealthily in cities. The increasing popularity of sea bathing during the late 1800s and early 1900s raised concerns about public safety and how to prevent people from drowning. In response, the world’s first formally documented surf lifesaving club, the Bondi Surf Bathers’ Life Saving Club, was formed in 1907. This was powerfully reinforced by the dramatic events of “Black Sunday” at Bondi in 1938. Some 35,000 people were on the beach and a large group of lifesavers were about to start a surf race when three freak waves hit the beach, sweeping hundreds of people out to sea. Lifesavers rescued 300 people. The largest mass rescue in the history of surf bathing, it confirmed the place of the lifesaver in the national imagination.

F Bondi Beach is the end point of the City to Surf Fun Run which is held each year in August. Australian surf carnivals further instilled this image. A royal Surf Carnival was held at Bondi Beach for the Queen Elizabeth II during her first visited in Australia in 1954. Since 1867, there have been over fifty visits by a member of the British Royal Family to Australia. In addition to many activities, the Bondi Beach Markets is open every Sunday. Many wealthy people spend Christmas Day at the beach. However, the shortage of houses occurs when lots of people crushed to seaside. Manly is the seashore town which solved this problem. However, people still choose Bondi as the satisfied destination rather than Manly.

G Bondi Beach has a commercial area along Campbell Parade and adjacent side streets, featuring many popular cafes, restaurants, and hotels, with views of the contemporary beach. It is depicted as wholly modern and European. In the last decade, Bondi Beaches’ unique position has seen a dramatic rise in svelte houses and apartments to take advantage of the views and scent of the sea. The valley running down to the beach is famous world over for its view of distinctive red tiled roofs. Those architectures are deeply influenced by British costal town.

H Bondi Beach hosted the beach volleyball competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics. A temporary 10,000-seat stadium, a much smaller stadium, 2 warm-up courts, and 3 training courts were set up to host the tournament. The Bondi Beach Volleyball Stadium was constructed for it and stood for just six weeks. Campaigners oppose both the social and environment consequences of the development. The stadium will divide the beach in two and seriously restrict public access for swimming, walking, and other forms of outdoor recreation. People protest for their human rights of having a pure seaside and argue for health life in Bondi.

I “They’re prepared to risk lives and risk the Bondi beach environment for the sake of eight days of volleyball”, said Stephen Unicake, a construction lawyer involved in the campaign. Other environmental concerns include the possibility that soil dredged up from below the sand will acidify when brought to the surface.

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Questions 1-5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

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1.????? The name of the Bondi beach is first called by the British settlers.

2.????? The aboriginal culture in Australia is different when compared with European culture.

3.????? Bondi beach area holds many contemporary hotels

4.????? The seaside town in Bondi is affected by British culture for its characteristic red color.

5.????? Living near Bondi seashore is not beneficial for health.

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Questions 6-9

Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet

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6.????? At the end of 19th century, which public transport did people use to go to bondi?

7.????? When did the British Royalty first visit Bondi?

8.????? Which Olympic event did Bondi hold in 2000 Sydney Olympic games?

9.????? What would be damaged if the stadium was built for that Olympic event?

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Questions 10-13

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage.

Using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.

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Bondi beach holds the feature sport activities every year, which attracts lot of ......10...... choosing to live at this place during holidays. But local accommodation cannot meet with the expanding population, a nearby town of ......11......is the first suburb site to support the solution, yet people prefer ......12......as their best choice. Its seaside buildings are well-known in the world for the special scenic colored 13...............on buildings and the joyful smell from the sea

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READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Corporate Social Responsibility

Broadly speaking, proponents of CSR have used four arguments to make their case: moral obligation, sustainability, license to operate, and reputation. The moral appeal-arguing that companies have a duty to be good citizens and to "do the right thing" – is prominent in the goal of Business for Social Responsibility, the leading nonprofit CSR business association in the United States. It asks that its members "achieve commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people, communities, and the natural environment." Sustainability emphasizes environmental and community stewardship.

A An excellent definition was developed in the 1980s by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland and used by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development “Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” The notion of license to operate derives from the fact that every company needs tacit or explicit permission from governments, communities, and numerous other stakeholders to do business. Finally, reputation is used by many companies to justify CSR initiatives on the grounds that they will improve a company’s image, strengthen its brand enliven morale, and even raise the value of its stock.

B To advance CSR, we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation and society while at the same time anchoring it in the strategies and activities of specific companies. To say broadly that business and society need each other might seem like a chilch6, but it is also the basic truth that will pull companies out of the muddle that their current corporate-responsibility thinking has created. Successful corporations need a healthy society. Education, health care, and equal opportunity are essential to a productive workforce. Safe products and working conditions not only attract customers but lower the internal costs of accidents. Efficient utilization of land, water, energy, and other natural resources makes business more productive. Good government, the rule of law, and property rights are essential for efficiency and innovation. Strong regulatory standards protect both consumers and competitive companies from exploitation. Ultimately, a healthy society creates expanding demand for business, as more human needs are met and aspirations grow. Any business that pursues its ends at the expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary. At the same time, a healthy society needs successful companies. No social program can rival the business sector when it comes to creating the jobs, wealth, and innovation that improve standards of living and social conditions over time.

C A company’s impact on society also changes over time, as social standards evolve and science progresses. Asbestos, now understood as a serious health risk, was thought to be safe in the early 1900s, given the scientific knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually mounted for more than 50 years before any company was held liable for the harms it can cause. Many firms that failed to anticipate the consequences of this evolving body of research have been bankrupted by the results. No longer can companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful process for identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow, firms may risk their very survival.

D No business can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of doing so. Instead, each company must select issues that intersect with its particular business. Other social agendas are best left to those companies in other industries, NGOs, or government institutions that are better positioned to address them. The essential test that should guide CSR is not whether a cause is worthy but whether it presents an opportunity to create shared value-that is, a meaningful benefit for society that is also valuable to the business. However, Corporations are not responsible for all the word’s problems, nor do they have the resources to solve them all Each company can identify the particular set of societal problems that it is best equipped to help resolve and from which it can gain the greatest competitive benefit. Addressing social issues by creating shared value will lead to self-sustaining solutions that do not depend on private or government subsidies. When a well-run business applies its vast resources, expertise, and management talent to problems that it understands and in which it has a can have a greater impact on social good than any other institution or philanthropic organization.

E The best corporate citizenship initiatives involve far more than writing a check: They specify clear, measurable goals and track results over time. A good example is GE’s program to adopt underperforming public high schools near several of its major U.S. facilities. The company contributes between $250,000 and $1 million over a five-year period to each school and makes in-kind donations as well. GE managers and employees take an active role by working with school officials to assess needs and mentor or tutor students. In an independent study of ten schools in the program between 1989 and 1999, nearly all showed significant improvement, while the graduation rate in four of the five worst performing schools doubled from an average of 30% to 60%.

Effective corporate citizenship initiatives such as this one create goodwill and improve relations with local governments and other important constituencies. What’s more, GE’s employees feel great pride in their participation. Their effect is inherently limited, however. No matter how beneficial the program is, it remains incidental to the company’s business, and the direct effect on GE’s recruiting and retention is modest.

F Microsoft’s Working Connections partnership with the American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) is a good example of a shared-value opportunity arising from investments in context. The shortage of information technology workers is a significant constraint on Microsoft's growth; currently, there are more than 450,000 unfilled IT positions in the United States alone. Community colleges, with an enrollment of 11.6 million students, representing 45% of all U.S. undergraduates, could be a major solution. Microsoft recognizes, however, that community colleges face special challenges: IT curricula are not standardized technology used in classrooms is often outdated and there are no systematic professional development programs to keep faculty up to date. Microsoft’s $50 million five-year initiative was aimed at all three problems. In addition to contributing money and products, Microsoft sent employee volunteers to colleges to assess needs, contribute to curriculum development, and create faculty development institutes. Note that in this case, volunteers and assigned staff were able to use their core professional skills to address a social need, a far cry from typical volunteer programs. Microsoft has achieved results that have benefited many communities while having a direct – and potentially significant – impact on the company.

G "At the heart of any strategy is a unique value proposition: a set of needs a company can meet for its chosen customers that others cannot. The most strategic CSR occurs when a company adds a social dimension to its value proposition, making social impact integral to the overall strategy. Consider Whole Foods Market, whose value proposition is to sell organic, natural and healthy food products to customers who are passionate about food and the environment. The company’s sourcing emphasizes purchases from local farmers through each store’s procurement process. Buyers screen out foods containing any of nearly 100 common ingredients that the company considers unhealthy or environmentally damaging. The same standards apply to products made internally. Whole Foods’ commitment to natural and environmentally friendly operating practices extends well beyond sourcing. Stores are constructed using a minimum of virgin raw materials. Recently, the company purchased renewable wind energy credits equal to 100% of its electricity use in all of its stores and facilities, the only Fortune 500 company to offset its electricity consumption entirely. Spoiled produce and biodegradable waste are trucked to regional centers for composting. Whole Foods’ vehicles are being converted to run on biofuels. Even the cleaning products used in its stores are environmentally friendly. And through its philanthropy, the company has created the Animal Compassion Foundation to develop more natural and humane ways of raising farm animals. In short, nearly every aspect of the company's value chain reinforces the social dimensions of its value proposition, distinguishing Whole Foods from its competitors.

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Questions 14-20

The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list below.

Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.

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i??????? How CSR may help one business to expand

ii?????? CSR in many aspects of a company’s business

iii????? A CSR initiative without a financial gain

iv?? Lack of action by the state of social issues

v?? Drives or pressures motivate companies to address CSR

vi?? the past illustrates business are responsible for future outcomes

vii???? Companies applying CSR should be selective

viii??? Reasons that business and society benefit each other

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14. Paragraph A

15. Paragraph B

16. Paragraph C

17. Paragraph D

18. Paragraph E

19. Paragraph F

20. Paragraph G

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Questions 21-22

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage。

Using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 21-22 on your answer sheet.

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The implement of CSR, HOW?

Promotion of CSR requires the understanding of interdependence between business and society. Corporations workers’ productivity generally need health care, Education, and given 21............... Restrictions imposed by government and companies both protect consumers from being treated unfairly. Improvement of the safety standard can reduce the 22...............of accidents in the workplace. Similarly society becomes a pool of more human needs and aspirations.

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Questions 23-26

Use the information in the passage to match the companies (listed A-C) with opinions or deeds below.

Write the appropriate letters, A, B or C in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

NB you may use any letter more than once

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List of companies

A. General Electronics

B. Microsoft

C. Whole foods market

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23.??? The disposable waste

24.??? The way company purchases as goods

25.??? Helping the undeveloped

26.??? ensuring the people have the latest information

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READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Mechanisms of Linguistic Change

A The changes that have caused the most disagreement are those in pronunciation. We have various sources of evidence for the pronunciations of earlier times, such as the spellings, the treatment of words borrowed from other languages or borrowed by them, the descriptions of contemporary grammarians and spelling-reformers, and the modern pronunciations in all the languages and dialects concerned From the middle of the sixteenth century, there are in England writers who attempt to describe the position of the speech-organs for the production of English phonemes, and who invent what are in effect systems of phonetic symbols. These various kinds of evidence, combined with a knowledge of the mechanisms of speech-production, can often give us a very good idea of the pronunciation of an earlier age, though absolute certainty is never possible.

B When we study the pronunciation of a language over any period of a few generations or more, we find there are always large-scale regularities in the changes: for example, over a certain period of time, just about all the long [a:] vowels in a language may change into long [e:] vowels, or all the [b] consonants in a certain position (for example at the end of a word) may change into [p] consonants. Such regular changes are often called sound laws. There are no universal sound laws (even though sound laws often reflect universal tendencies), but simply particular sound laws for one given language (or dialect) at one given period

C It is also possible that fashion plays a part in the process of change. It certainly plays a part in the spread of change: one person imitates another, and people with the most prestige are most likely to be imitated, so that a change that takes place in one social group may be imitated (more or less accurately) by speakers in another group. When a social group goes up or down in the world, its pronunciation of Russian, which had formerly been considered desirable, became on the contrary an undesirable kind of accent to have, so that people tried to disguise it. Some of the changes in accepted English pronunciation in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries have been shown to consist in the replacement of one style of pronunciation by another style already existing, and it is likely that such substitutions were a result of the great social changes of the period: the increased power and wealth of the middle classes, and their steady infiltration upwards into the ranks of the landed gentry, probably carried elements of middle-class pronunciation into upper-class speech.

D A less specific variant of the argument is that the imitation of children is imperfect: they copy their parents’ speech, but never reproduce it exactly. This is true, but it is also true that such deviations from adult speech are usually corrected in later childhood. Perhaps it is more significant that even adults show a certain amount of random variation in their pronunciation of a given phoneme, even if the phonetic context is kept unchanged. This, however, cannot explain changes in pronunciation unless it can be shown that there is some systematic trend in the failures of imitation: if they are merely random deviations they will cancel one another out and there will be no net change in the language.

E One such force which is often invoked is the principle of ease, or minimization of effort. The change from fussy to fuzzy would be an example of assimilation, which is a very common kind of change. Assimilation is the changing of a sound under the influence of a neighbouring one. For example, the word scant was once skamt, but the /m/ has been changed to /n/ under the influence of the following /t/. Greater efficiency has hereby been achieved, because /n/ and /t/ are articulated in the same place (with the tip of the tongue against the teeth-ridge), whereas /m/ is articulated elsewhere (with the two lips). So the place of articulation of the nasal consonant has been changed to conform with that of the following plosive. A more recent example of the same kind of thing is the common pronunciation of football as football.

F Assimilation is not the only way in which we change our pronunciation in order to increase efficiency. It is very common for consonants to be lost at the end of a word: in Middle English, word-final [-n] was often lost in unstressed syllables, so that baken ‘to bake’ changed from [‘ba:kan] to [‘ba:k3],and later to [ba:k]. Consonant-clusters are often simplified. At one time there was a [t] in words like castle and Christmas, and an initial [k] in words like knight and know. Sometimes a whole syllable is dropped out when two successive syllables begin with the same consonant (haplology): a recent example is temporary, which in Britain is often pronounced as if it were tempory.

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Questions 27-30

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

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The pronunciation of living language undergo changes throughout thousands of years. Large scale regular Changes are usually called 27 _____. There are three reasons for these changes. Firstly, the influence of one language on another; when one person imitates another pronunciation (the most prestige’s), the imitation always partly involving factor of 28 _____. Secondly, the imitation of children from adults1 language sometimes are 29 _____, and may also contribute to this change if there are insignificant deviations tough later they may be corrected. Finally, for those random variations in pronunciation, the deeper evidence lies in the 30 _____ or minimization of effort.

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Questions 31-37

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?

In boxes 5-11 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE????????? if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE???????? if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN??? if there is no information on this

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31. It is impossible for modern people to find pronunciation of words in an earlier age

32. The great change of language in Russian history is related to the rising status and fortune of middle classes.

33. All the children learn speeches from adults white they assume that certain language is difficult to imitate exactly.

34. Pronunciation with causal inaccuracy will not exert big influence on language changes.

35. The word 'scant' can be pronounced more easily than 'skamt'

36. The [g] in gnat not being pronounced will not be spelt out in the future.

37. The sound of ‘temporary’ cannot wholly present its spelling.

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Questions 38-40

Look at the following sentences and the list of statements below.

Match each statement with the correct sentence, A-D.

Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 12-14 on your answer sheet

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A Since the speakers can pronounce it with less effort

B Assimilation of a sound under the influence of a neighbouring one

C It is a trend for changes in pronunciation in a large scale in a given period

D Because the speaker can pronounce [n] and [t] both in the same time

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38. As a consequence, ‘b’ will be pronounced as

39. The pronunciation of [mt] changed to [nt]

40. The omit of ‘f in the sound of Christmas

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Keys

Passage 1

1. FALSE

2. NOT GIVEN

3. NOT GIVEN

4. TRUE

5. FALSE

6. tram

7. 1954

8. beach volleyball

9. environment

10. wealthy people

11. Manly

12. Bondi

13. tiled roofs

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Passage 2

14. v

15. viii

16. vi

17. vii

18. iii

19. i

20. ii

21. equal opportunity

22. internal costs

23. C

24. C

25. A

26. B

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Passage 3

27. sound laws

28. fashion

29. imperfect

30. principle of ease

31. FALSE

32. FALSE

33. NOT GIVEN

34. TRUE

35. TRUE

36. NOT GIVEN

37. TRUE

38. C

39. B

40. A

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【寫作】

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本預(yù)測根據(jù)雅思寫作的話題分類和出題規(guī)律，精選出以下真題，供廣大烤鴨參考。

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A類小作文：

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小作文重點(diǎn)關(guān)注餅圖、地圖。

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以下為地圖例題及范文解析：

題目：The plan below shows the changes of a museum between 1998 and 2008.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

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解題思路：

本篇為典型的歷史變遷地圖題。類似地圖題可參考滬江留學(xué)對本次考試的小作文預(yù)測與范文。

作答此類題目，需要考生篩選出兩個年份同一地點(diǎn)的新增的、消失的、變化的內(nèi)容，從而進(jìn)行對比描述。同時需要注意是過去年份過去時態(tài)的應(yīng)用。

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參考范文：

The maps clearly indicate the changes of a museum in a decade from 1998 to 2008.

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In 1998, the museum was quite plain as can be seen from the picture. The ticket office was just in front of the entrance door. Then going forward, you would see a garden set in the centre of the museum with a cafe bar right behind it. These four areas were located in a line in the middle of the museum, dividing the floor plan into three parts, where the exhibition room was placed on the left while the washroom and cloakroom on the right.

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The year 2008 did not see much alterations of the entrance or the ticket office. However, the garden was modified by a fountain and seating for cafe as well, since the coffee bar was moved from the back of the museum to the left of the garden. Besides, the cloakroom was cancelled and the washroom took the original place of the cafe, leaving plenty of room for the right area in the museum where exhibitions were being held.

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重點(diǎn)表達(dá)：

①plain: adj. ?樸素，簡單

②cloakroom: n. 衣帽間；物品寄存

③alteration: n. 改變

④plenty of:? 足夠的

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本次機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析由以下滬江留學(xué)老師產(chǎn)出

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王倩竹老師

滬江網(wǎng)校留學(xué)資深教研老師，同濟(jì)大學(xué)英語語言文學(xué)碩士，主攻雅思托福等留學(xué)考試。參與滬江網(wǎng)?！堆潘急Ｆ邲_八》、Unlock A1-B2雅思能力課程、World English B1、新版雅思6.5分閱讀、新版雅思7分聽力等課程的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)劃與制作，并幫助多名1V1學(xué)生達(dá)到雅思寫作7分。

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A類大作文：

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教育類

Nowadays，full-time university students tend to focus on their studying. Some people think it is essential for university students to be involved in other activities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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Computers are widely used in education, and some people think teachers do not play an important role in the classroom. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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As scientists contribute more to the development of our society than other people do, science students should get more financial support from the government than other students. Do you agree or disagree?

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Children find it difficult to concentrate on or pay attention to school. What are the reasons? How can we solve this problem?

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Some people think that in order to continue improving the quality of high school education, students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers, while others assume this could result in the loss of respect and dignity for teachers. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

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Some people think that all young people should be required to have full-time education until they are at least 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree？

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社會類

Old generations often hold some traditional ideas on the correct way of life, thinking and behavior. However, some people think that it is not helpful for the young generations to prepare for modern life in the future. What's your opinion?

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With the development of many countries, people start to live individually and live in very small family units. What are the causes? What effects does it have on society?

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政府類

Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out and controlled by the government rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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The government has the duty to ensure that its citizens have a healthy diet, while others believe this is individuals' responsibility. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

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環(huán)境類

With the increasing demand for energy sources of oil and gas, people should look for sources of oil and gas in remote and untouched places. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of damaging such areas?

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Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. Do you agree or disagree?

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Some people say the best way to solve the environmental problem is to raise the price of fuel, to what extent do you agree or disagree？

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Environmental problems are too big for individual countries and individual people to address. We have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is to address it at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

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Nuclear energy is a better sources of energy to meet the increasing demand of energy. Do you agree or disagree?

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犯罪類

Today prison is the most common solution for crime. But some people think that it would be a more effective way to provide them with better education to prevent them from becoming criminals. Do you agree or disagree?

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Some people believe that young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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Many people are afraid to leave their homes because of their fear of crime. Some believe that more action should be taken to prevent crime, but others feel that little can be done. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

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科技類

The increase in food production owes much to fertilizers and better machinery, but some people think that it has a negative impact on human health and community. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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Some people think it’s necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for human use. Others, however, think it’s not right to do that. Discuss both views and give you own opinion.

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Some people think that robots are very important for humans' future development. Others, however, think that robots are a dangerous invention that could have negative effects on society. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

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Some people think that the increasing use of computers and mobile phones for communication has had a negative effect on young people's reading and writing skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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工作類

In some countries it is illegal for companies to reject job applicants for their age. Is this positive or negative to the development?

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Countries with a long average working time are more economically successful than those countries which do not have a long working time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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媒體類

In many countries television shows many foreign-made programmers. The dominance of imported entertainment is harmful to the cultures of these countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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Research shows that overeating can be just as harmful as smoking. Thus, the advertising of certain food products should be banned, as cigarette is banned in many countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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旅游類

Tourism is a multibillion-dollar industry that supports economic development. However some people think that it causes too much damage to the local environment and culture. Do you agree or disagree?

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Foreign tourists abroad should be charged more than local people when visiting the local historical and cultural tourist attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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其他類

Some people believe famous people's support towards international aid organizations draws the attention to problems, while others think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

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Some people prefer to provide help and support directly to those who need it in their local community. Others, however, prefer to give money to national and international charitable organizations. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

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以下為重點(diǎn)話題及范文解析：

題目：Some people say the best way to solve the environmental problem is to raise the price of fuel, to what extent do you agree or disagree？

題型：同意與否型

話題：環(huán)境類

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解題思路：本題的任務(wù)是問“是否同意解決環(huán)境問題的最好辦法是提高燃油價格”。通常，對于這種絕對類的命題，我們選擇的觀點(diǎn)是不同意，這樣會比較好寫。提高燃油價格貌似可以減少人們對駕駛私家車的需求，其實(shí)不然。然后說明還有其他更好的可替代方案來解決環(huán)境問題。

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參考范文：

Today, environmental pollution is a very serious problem that worries the world. Some people ascribe this issue to the overconsumption of fuel and suggest that hiking the fuel price can be the best solution. Personally, I do not agree.

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It is plausible that if the fuel price is soaring, more car owners will opt to drive less and use public transport instead, which is environmentally sound. However, it does not necessarily work that way. Several studies have found that the rise of fossil fuel price has only a tiny impact on its demand. This is because the cost of fuel, even after the price rise, is still comparatively lower than other daily necessities and therefore, is affordable for most consumers. If the price of fuel increases to a large degree, it will have an unfavourable effect on the national economy.

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Despite this, there are other alternative measures can be taken to help mitigate the environmental problems. One of the most sustainable solutions is to educate the public to raise their consciousness of pollution prevention. It is clear that the pollution arises mainly due to human’s lack of awareness and their irresponsible behaviours towards the environment. Therefore, compared with raising the fuel price, it is more effective to make environmental protection a way of life among the citizens. Another possible solution can be the development of pollution-free products like hybrid vehicles as well as employing recycled materials in manufacturing.???

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In conclusion, when it comes to preventing environmental pollutions, raising the price of fuel is not an effective way to solve the trouble. I believe that each individual’s effort to save the earth and the use of eco-friendly materials in industries are more practical.

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重點(diǎn)表達(dá)：

①ascribe … to …:? 把……歸因于……

②hike: v.?? 使大幅上升

③environmentally sound:?? 對環(huán)境無害的

④to a large degree:?? 很大程度上

⑤mitigate: v. ???緩解

⑥sustainable: adj.? ?可持續(xù)的

⑦hybrid vehicles:?? 混合動力車

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本次機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析由以下滬江留學(xué)老師產(chǎn)出

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李敏老師

滬江網(wǎng)校雅思教研，英國杜倫大學(xué)畢業(yè)；英文專業(yè)8級；高中英語教師資格證書等，主攻雅思托福等留學(xué)考試。參與滬江網(wǎng)校World English A2和 B1、新版雅思6.5分寫作、新版雅思7分寫作等課程的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)劃與制作。

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【口語】

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以下為本場考試部分高頻話題解析：

Part 1

Music

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When do you listen to music?

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參考答案：

There’s no fixed time. Basically I’ll listen to music whenever I have time or I am in the mood. For example I often listen to music on the subway, during breaks, or before going to bed.

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How much time do you spend listening to music every day?

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參考答案：

Not much. One hour at most. Because I’m very busy with my work, so I don’t really have much time listening to music. But I would go to concerts from time to time, in that case I might spend hours listening to my favorite band or singer.

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What kinds of music do you listen to?

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參考答案：

I’d like to listen to many kinds of music. For example pop music, rock music and classical music. But if I have to choose a particular one, I would go for classical music, because it can calm me down when I feel stressed.

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Have you ever been to a concert before?

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參考答案：

Yes, very often. And I go to different concerts, like rock concerts or classical concerts. I think it’s a good way to relax myself and enjoy some excellent performances.

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Part 2 & 3

Part 2題目

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Describe a perfect vacation you would like to have in the future.

You should say:

Where you want to go

When you would like to go

What you want to do

Who you want to go with

And explain why it would a perfect vacation.

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提示：

此話題屬于“事件”類話題。該題和以往旅游類話題比較類似，都需要具體談地點(diǎn)、時間、人物、活動等幾個要素。區(qū)別在于，注意時態(tài)的使用，以及需要解釋為什么是一次完美的假期，仍然可以從以上幾個方面展開，比如因?yàn)槭亲约恒裤揭丫玫牡胤?，和特別的人一起出行，參與了一個別開生面的活動等等。

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參考答案：

Speaking of a perfect vacation, I’d like to go to Iceland to see the aurora. Actually I’ve done some research online, and it is said that the lighthouse in the capital Reykjavik is a good spot to see the aurora. And people usually go there between December and February as it is the active season for the aurora, but storm is also quite frequent during this period, I might not be able to see the spectacular view. So I’m thinking of going there between August and October as the weather would be much better. If I have the chance, I’d like to go to Iceland with my family, we can lie in the famous Ice House and watch the stunning aurora.

I think it would be a perfect vacation because the aurora is one of the natural wonders I’ve never seen before, and it is like a must in my travelling list, and it would be much happier if I can go with my family because I don’t have much time to be with them during workdays. In addition, I also found a package tour online, which means I wouldn’t have to worry too much about the accommodation and transport. This helps a lot because I’ve no idea about the local situation.

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重點(diǎn)詞匯及表達(dá)：

①aurora： 名詞；極光

Eg：The proton aurora is invisible to the naked eye and has never been viewed from space.

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②spectacular: 形容詞；壯觀的，驚人的

Eg：Great John Street has pretty spectacular rooms, with Egyptian cotton sheets and free-standing baths.

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③stunning: 形容詞；極好的

Eg：Movies, music and games come alive with full and clear sound to accompany stunning visuals.

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④ package tour: 詞組；包價旅游，套餐游，跟團(tuán)游

Eg：The company also believes that South East Asia offers a huge opportunity in the hotels and package tour business.

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1. Do you like long vacations or short vacations?

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參考答案：

I prefer long vacations. There are quite a few short holidays in my country, like the Dragon Boat Festival or the Mid-autumn Day. These are a three-day holiday, basically it’s just a weekend plus one day off, so it makes no difference. Therefore I really long for Spring Festival or National Holiday, at least there are seven days off and I can fully recover from a proper rest.

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重點(diǎn)詞匯及表達(dá)：

①day off： 詞組；放假，休息

Eg：He decided that he would take the next day off and resume work the following day.

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②proper: 形容詞；適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)?，合適的

Eg：The army must be kitted out with proper medical supplies.

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2. What's the most popular tourist attraction in China?

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參考答案：

That’s a very interesting question. As China is a very huge country, there are lots of popular tourist attractions in every single province. From my perspective, I think the most representative one is the Forbidden City. As it used to be the palace for several dynasties, it is the essence of Chinese culture.

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重點(diǎn)詞匯及表達(dá)：

①representative： 形容詞；典型的，有代表性的

Eg：These Insurance Institute figures are a few years old, but they are the latest available and still representative.

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②essence： 名詞；本質(zhì)，精華

Eg：We change environments, change countries and jobs, change homes, but our essence is immutable.

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3. What's the most important factor for a tourist attraction?

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參考答案：

Well it’s difficult to say. I guess it’s safety. As many people will flush to tourist attractions especially on holidays, so safety is of great significance. The staff should make sure that the escape route is clear, and all the facilities and equipment are in good conditions, of course medical assistance is also needed.

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重點(diǎn)詞匯及表達(dá)：

①significance： 名詞；意義，重要性

Eg：The council has prepared a report which reviews the stadium's history and assesses its significance.

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②escape route: 詞組；疏散通道，逃生路線

Eg：And there was no emergency lighting to show the quickest escape route, he added.

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4. Do you think we should have more public holidays?

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參考答案：

Definitely. We do have a few three-day public holidays, in many cases it’s just a weekend plus one day off, and we have to work for one more day to make up this one day off, so it makes no difference at all. And there are only five days for the annual leave in many companies. We are indeed in a great need of more real public holidays.

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重點(diǎn)詞匯及表達(dá)：

①make up： 詞組；彌補(bǔ)

Eg：They'll do all they can to make up the economic losses.

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②annual leave: 詞組；年假

Eg：The team members were taking annual leave in order to make the week-long trip.

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本次口語解析由以下滬江留學(xué)老師產(chǎn)出

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黃函老師

滬江網(wǎng)校首席雅思口語名師； 英國謝菲爾德大學(xué)畢業(yè)；英文專業(yè)8級；5年以上英文教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

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