Successful people are nicer to those who are jealous of them, psychologists have found.
心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，成功人士對那些嫉妒他們的人更友善。

The fear that they may become the target of malicious envy makes people act more helpfully toward people who they think might be jealous of them.
因?yàn)楹ε鲁蔀閻阂饧刀实膶ο?，人們一般?huì)更愿意幫助那些他們覺得可能會(huì)妒忌他們的人。

Previous research found jealousy could be divided into benign and malicious envy. Those with benign envy were motivated to improve themselves, to do better so they could be more like the person they envied. However those with malicious envy wanted to bring the more successful person down.
之前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，嫉妒可以分為善意嫉妒和惡意嫉妒兩種。善意嫉妒者會(huì)積極提高自己、更好地表現(xiàn)自己以便能更接近自己嫉妒的對象。然而惡意嫉妒者則試圖將比他成功的那個(gè)人打垮。

The Dutch researchers then set out to question the effect on the target of the envy.
于是一些荷蘭研究者們開始討論以上兩類嫉妒者對嫉妒對象的影響。

Niels van de Ven of Tilburg University said: 'In anthropology, they say if you are envied, you might act more socially because you try to appease those envious people.' He cited as an example the fisherman who shared his bigger catch around.
蒂爾堡大學(xué)的尼爾斯?凡?德?馮說：“人類學(xué)家認(rèn)為，如果你受到他人嫉妒的話，你可能會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更和善，因?yàn)槟銜?huì)試圖安撫那些嫉妒你的人?！彼e例說一個(gè)漁民如果釣到更大的魚，他一般都會(huì)跟周圍人分享。

In lab experiments a group of people were made to feel like they would be maliciously envied by being told they would receive an award of five euros. Sometimes the prize was deserved and was based on the score they were told they had earned on a quiz. But sometimes it was not based on their score at all.
在實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)中，一組人被告知將獲得五歐元的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，以使他們感覺自己可能會(huì)遭到惡意嫉妒。這些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)有的時(shí)候是根據(jù)他們所獲知的測驗(yàn)成績來發(fā)放的，是他們應(yīng)得的；而有時(shí)候則完全不是以測驗(yàn)成績?yōu)橐罁?jù)的。

The researchers thought that the deserved prize would lead to benign envy, while the undeserved prize would lead to malicious envy.
研究人員認(rèn)為，應(yīng)得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)會(huì)引起善意嫉妒，而那些不應(yīng)得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)則會(huì)招致惡意嫉妒。

Then the volunteer was asked to give time-consuming advice to a potentially envious person.
然后研究人員讓志愿者花費(fèi)時(shí)間給那些潛在的嫉妒者提一些建議。

People who had reason to think they would be the targets of malicious envy were more likely to take the time to give advice than targets of benign envy.
相對于善意嫉妒的對象來說，那些有理由相信自己是惡意嫉妒對象的人們更有可能花費(fèi)時(shí)間來提出建議。

In another experiment, an experimenter dropped a number of erasers on the floor as the volunteer was leaving. Those who thought they would be maliciously envied were more likely to help him pick them up.
在另外一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，一位實(shí)驗(yàn)人員在志愿者離開時(shí)把幾塊橡皮掉到地上。那些認(rèn)為自己遭到惡意嫉妒的人們更有可能會(huì)幫實(shí)驗(yàn)人員把橡皮撿起來。

He said: 'This sort of serves a useful group function. We all think better-off people should share with others but that's not something we are inclined to do when we are better off.
該實(shí)驗(yàn)人員說：“這種行為從某種程度上說是一種有用的群體功能。我們都認(rèn)為境況更好的人應(yīng)該跟其他人分享，但是當(dāng)我們自己境況變好之后，我們并不愿意這樣做。

'This fear of envy can encourage us to behave in ways that improve the social interactions of the group.'
“而對嫉妒的恐懼可以鼓勵(lì)我們改變自己的行為方式，以促進(jìn)群體中的社交互動(dòng)?！?/div>

The findings were published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.
以上研究成果發(fā)表在《心理科學(xué)》上，這本雜志是由心理科學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)發(fā)行的。

Vocabulary:

benign: (of people) kind and gentle; not causing any harm（人）善良的；和善的；慈祥的
bring somebody down: 打垮；擊敗