單詞和短語是文章最基本的組成單位，用詞是否出彩在一定程度上決定了文章是否能得高分！要想用對(duì)詞，必須遵循以下原則：

1無重復(fù)原則

英語寫作中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在同一文章中反復(fù)使用同一個(gè)詞、詞組的情況，這就是我們通常所說的重復(fù)。用詞重復(fù)主要表現(xiàn)在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等實(shí)詞的重復(fù)上。例如：

名詞重復(fù)
Catherine offered him moral help and also practical help.

動(dòng)詞重復(fù)
I like reading while my brother likes playing football.

形容詞重復(fù)
Mark Twain is famous for his short novels in America, and now he isalso becoming more and morefamous with Chinese readers.

為避免用詞的重復(fù)，可采用以下方法：

省略

省略是避免重復(fù)最主要的手段。它可以節(jié)省詞語，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊，還可以有效避免名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞的重復(fù)。例如：

名詞省略
They are fine actors. Smith is the finest (actor) I’ve ever seen.

動(dòng)詞省略
Jack needn’t stay here， but George must (stay here).

形容詞省略
Robert seemed angry， and George certainly was (angry)．

代詞代替

這種方法主要用于解決名詞的重復(fù)問題。例如：

Catherine offered him moral help and also practical help.
可改為：Catherineoffered him moral help and also practical one.

再如：Can you repairthis chair? I broke it yesterday．

同義詞、反義詞、派生詞轉(zhuǎn)換

名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞都適用這種方法。

名詞同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換
原句：The snow was heavy last night.
修改后： It snowed heavily last night.

動(dòng)詞同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換
原句：The runner couldn’t catch up with the others in the race.?
修改后：The runnerfell behind the others in the race.

形容詞同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換
原句：I am completely confident that I am competent for the new job.?
修改后：I am completely confident that I am qualified for the new job.?

2短語優(yōu)先原則

使用短語替換單詞具有兩大優(yōu)勢(shì)：
文章顯得更為地道，增加亮點(diǎn)；
增加字?jǐn)?shù)。

例：

原句：When he was a child， he wanted to learn everything.
修改后：When he was a child， he had a strong appetite for knowledge.

與原句中的wanted to learn everything相比，修改后的例句中的had astrong appetite for knowledge更能表現(xiàn)出“他”的求知若渴，表達(dá)更加生動(dòng)。

常見的單詞轉(zhuǎn)化成短語的方法有：

形容詞變短語方法：of+同根名詞

常見的形容詞及對(duì)應(yīng)短語有：

? 形容詞?? ? ?短語
very ? ?important 非常重要的?? ?of great importance
very ? ?difficult 非常困難的?? ?of great difficulty
very ? ?difficult 非常困難的?? ?of ?great difficulty
very ? ?beautiful 非常美麗的?? ?of ?great beauty
very ?useful 非常有用的?? ?of great use
very ?helpful 非常有幫助的?? ?of ?great help
very ?harmful 非常有害的?? ?of ?great harm
very ? ?valuable 非常有價(jià)值的 ?? ?of ?great value
very ? ?significant 至關(guān)重要的?? ?of ?great significance
very ? ?necessary 非常必要的?? ?of ?great necessity

動(dòng)詞變短語方法：同義短語替換

常用的動(dòng)詞和對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞短語如下：

? 動(dòng)詞?? ? ?動(dòng)詞短語
stand 承受?? ?put up ?with
consider ?考慮?? ?take...into ?consideration/account
exist 存在?? ?come ?into existence/being
like 喜歡?? ?be ?fond of, take delight in
support支持?? ?be in ?favor of, approve of
think 想，認(rèn)為?? ?harbor ?the idea that, hold the view that
explain ?解釋?? ?account ?for
agree 同意，贊成?? ?approve ?of
conclude ?得出結(jié)論?? ?come ?to/draw a conclusion
remember ?記住?? ?bear/keep ?in mind
cause 引起?? ?bring ?about
raise 提出?? ?bring/put up, set forth
absorb采納，吸收?? ?take ?in
cancel ?取消?? ?call ?off
eliminate ?取消?? ?completely get rid of
help 幫助?? ?give a ?hand
delay 耽誤，耽擱?? ?hold ?off
emphasize ?重視?? ?attach ?great importance to
replace ?代替?? ?take ?the place of
use 使用?? ?make ?use of, take advantage of
know 知道?? ?be aware of


3詞義具體化原則

所謂詞義具體化就是指寫作過程中盡量避免使用意義寬泛、模糊的詞，要根據(jù)語境使用具體、生動(dòng)的詞。

這些高分替換詞，一定要馬??！

? 低分詞?? ? ?高分詞
good 好的?? ?superb, ? ?brilliant, outstanding, awesome
bad 壞的?? ?adverse, ? ?evil, terrible, horrible
old 老的?? ?old-fashioned, ? outdated, antiquated, archaic
strange 陌生的?? ?eccentric, ? ?peculiar, odd, weird
short 短的?? ?transient, ? ?short-lived
forever 永遠(yuǎn)?? ?for ? ?good, perpetually
different 不同的?? ?unique, ? ?distinctive, dissimilar
do 做?? ?conduct, ? ?carry out, execute
see 看見?? ?witness, ? ?observe, spot, glimpse
increase ?增加，提高?? ?soar, ? ?escalate, double/triple
walk 走?? ?wander, ? ?stride, sneak, creep
learn 學(xué)習(xí)?? ?acquire, ? ?review, master
get 取得?? ?obtain, ? ?attain
help 幫助?? ?assist, ? ?aid
mean 意思是?? ?suggest, ? ?indicate, imply, symbolize
picture ?圖畫?? ?drawing, ? ?painting, cartoon
big 大的?? ?immense, ? enormous, tremendous
cause 引起?? ?give ? ?rise to, trigger, result in, arouse
make 做?? ?produce, ? ?create, develop
rich 豐富的?? ?wealthy, ? ?affluent, ample
cheap 便宜的?? ?economical, ? ?inexpensive, affordable
common ?普遍的?? ?widespread, ? ?prevalent
change ?改變?? ?transform, ? ?alter, modify
people ?人?? ?individuals, ? ?adolescents, adults
famous ?著名的?? ?renowned, ? ?celebrated, distinguished, prominent
think 想?? ?suppose, ? ?claim, maintain, presume, assume
keep 保存?? ?preserve, ? ?conserve
break 破壞?? ?undermine, ? jeopardize, devastate

溫馨提示，由于英語詞義范圍非常廣泛，即便是同義詞也只是某種程度上的近似，不可能在意義上完全對(duì)等，所以大家在選詞時(shí)要注意同義詞含義上的細(xì)小差別哦。

例如：

句一： So there arises the problem:What should we do to get rid of the wrong attitudes toward the migrant workers?

句二： So there arises the question:What should we do to get rid of the wrong attitudes toward the migrant workers?

problem指的是“實(shí)際存在的問題”或“需要解決的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題”，question指的是“可獲得解釋或回答的問題”，此處用question更為恰當(dāng)。