《傲慢與偏見》(Pride and Prejudice)是英國女小說家簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀創(chuàng)作的長(zhǎng)篇小說,小說描寫了小鄉(xiāng)紳班納特的二女兒伊麗莎白與貴族達(dá)西之間的感情糾葛。

她在舞會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)了達(dá)西,但是耳聞他為人傲慢,一直對(duì)他心生排斥,經(jīng)歷一番周折,伊麗莎白解除了對(duì)達(dá)西的偏見,達(dá)西也放下傲慢,有情人終成眷屬。

這部作品以日常生活為素材,生動(dòng)地反映了18世紀(jì)末到19世紀(jì)初處于保守和閉塞狀態(tài)下的英國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)生活和世態(tài)人情,小說多次被改編成電影和電視劇。

書里有許多精彩片段,今天為大家選取的達(dá)西先生初次告白失敗后寫給伊麗莎白的信。

"Be not alarmed, Madam, on receiving this letter, by the apprehension of its containing any repetition of those sentiments, or renewal of those offers, which were last night so disgusting to you.
小姐:接到這封信時(shí),請(qǐng)你不必害怕。既然昨天晚上向你訴情和求婚,結(jié)果只有使你極其厭惡,我自然不會(huì)又在這封信里舊事重提。

I write without any intention of paining you, or humbling myself, by dwelling on wishes, which, for the happiness of both, cannot be too soon forgotten; and the effort which the formation and the perusal of this letter must occasion should have been spared, had not my character required it to be written and read.
我曾經(jīng)衷心地希望我們雙方會(huì)幸福,可是我不想在這封信里再提到這些,免得使你痛苦,使我自己受委屈。我所以要寫這封信,寫了又要?jiǎng)谀愕纳袢プx,這無非是拗不過自己的性格,否則便可以雙方省事,免得我寫你讀。

You must, therefore, pardon the freedom with which I demand your attention; your feelings, I know, will bestow it unwillingly, but I demand it of your justice.
因此你得原諒我那么冒昧地褻瀆你的精神,我知道你決不會(huì)愿意勞神的,可是我要求你心平氣和一些。

This, madam, is a faithful narrative of every event in which we have been concerned together; and if you do not absolutely reject it as false, you will, I hope, acquit me henceforth of cruelty towards Mr. Wickham.
小姐,我在這里已經(jīng)把所有與我們有關(guān)的事,都老老實(shí)實(shí)地談過了;如果你并不完全認(rèn)為我撒謊,那么,我希望從今以后,你再也不要認(rèn)為我對(duì)韋翰先生殘酷無情。

I know not in what manner, under what form of falsehood, he has imposed on you; but his success is not, perhaps, to be wondered at. Ignorant as you previously were of every thing concerning either, detection could not be in your power, and suspicion certainly not in your inclination.
我不知道他是用什么樣的胡說,什么樣的手段來欺騙你的;不過,你以前對(duì)于我們的事情一無所知,那么他騙取了你的信任,也許不足為奇。你既無從探聽,又不喜歡懷疑。

You may possibly wonder why all this was not told you last night.But I was not then master enough of myself to know what could or ought to be revealed. For the truth of every thing here related, I can appeal more particularly to the testimony of Colonel Fitzwilliam, who from our near relationship and constant intimacy, and still more as one of the executors of my father's will, has been unavoidably acquainted with every particular of these transactions.
你也許不明白為什么我昨天晚上不把這一切當(dāng)面告訴你??墒钱?dāng)時(shí)我自己也捉摸不住自己,不知道哪些話可以講,哪些話應(yīng)該講。這封信中所說的一切,是真是假,我可以特別請(qǐng)你問問費(fèi)茨威廉上校,他是我們的近親,又是我們的至交,而且是先父遺囑執(zhí)行人之一,他對(duì)于其中的一切詳情自然都十分清楚,他可以來作證明。

If your abhorrence of me should make my assertions valueless, you cannot be prevented by the same cause from confiding in my cousin; and that there may be the possibility of consulting him, I shall endeavour to find some opportunity of putting this letter in your hands in the course of the morning. I will only add, God bless you.
假使說,你因?yàn)閰拹何?,竟把我的話看得一文不值,你不妨把你的意見說給我的表弟聽;我所以要想盡辦法找機(jī)會(huì)把這封信一大早就交到你手里,就是為了讓你可以去和他商量一下。我要說的話都說完了,愿上帝祝福你。

解讀:

上面這封信出自《傲慢與偏見》原著:

達(dá)西第一次雨中向伊麗莎白訴衷情失敗后,寫給她一封信,希望能解除伊麗莎白的偏見和誤解,接受他的道歉。

詞匯:

apprehension:n.不安,憂慮

sentiment:n.情緒;感傷

humble:adj.謙遜的

bestow:v.贈(zèng)給,給予

narrative:n.故事;adj.敘述的

testimony:n.證據(jù);證詞

intimacy:n.親密

transaction:n.事務(wù);交易

henceforth:adv.從今以后

acquainted:adj.了解的,熟知的

confide:v.吐露,委托

分析:

親筆的書信是表達(dá)情感最真切的方式之一,密密麻麻的字跡,字里行間都是綿綿深情。也因此,它才有打動(dòng)人心的魅力。

正是這封情真意切的書信,徹底動(dòng)搖了伊麗莎白對(duì)達(dá)西根深蒂固的偏見。信中,達(dá)西向伊麗莎白講述了關(guān)于自己家族從過去到現(xiàn)在的種種情況,這些不得不使伊麗莎白去探尋事情的真實(shí)一面。這封信,不僅使得伊麗莎白對(duì)達(dá)西的看法發(fā)生了很大的變化,更為兩人日后的感情發(fā)展創(chuàng)立了契機(jī)。

信開頭的第一句“Be not alarmed”"中“alarm”一詞用的非常巧妙?!癮larm”本意為“警報(bào);使...驚恐”,在這里可譯為:“擔(dān)憂,害怕”。

甫一讀信,達(dá)西就非常貼心地告知伊麗莎白不必害怕,這封信并非想驚擾她,而是為了解釋一些誤會(huì),體現(xiàn)出達(dá)西的謹(jǐn)慎和禮貌。

第二句中的“by dwelling on wishes”中“dwell on”意為:“沉湎,停留于”,這里達(dá)西表明他不會(huì)在信中贅述以前的心意,使她困擾,而會(huì)講述更多新的內(nèi)容,希望她能無所顧忌地繼續(xù)讀下去。

第三句中“pardon the freedom”意為“原諒我的直率”,而“madam”則表示“女士”,表示對(duì)女性的尊稱。

從“pardon”“madam”等措辭中可以看出達(dá)西對(duì)伊麗莎白的在意,也體現(xiàn)出達(dá)西原本的面貌:儒雅的謙謙君子。

第四句中的“a faithful narrative”中的“faithful”意為“忠誠的”“忠實(shí)的”,用在這里是指信中提及的一切解釋都是真實(shí)的敘述和自白,側(cè)面驗(yàn)證他對(duì)伊麗莎白的感情出自真心,并無遮掩。

第五句中“detection could not be in your power, and suspicion certainly not in your inclination”,這兩句都是使用“detection”“suspicion”即“欺騙”“懷疑”作主語,使用被動(dòng)句式弱化了人為的判斷,指被騙是不可避免的,責(zé)任不在伊麗莎白。

用“物”做主語,而非“人”,使表達(dá)更加委婉和間接,避免了直抒胸臆的強(qiáng)硬,也讓人更易接受,不至于使伊麗莎白難堪。

最后一句“If your abhorrence of me should make my assertions valueless, you cannot be prevented by the same cause from confiding in my cousin”里的“if...should”引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣,表示假設(shè)伊麗莎白不相信自己的話,她可以向自己的兄弟求證。

“can not be prevented from”意為:“她不會(huì)被阻止去求證”,是雙重否定表肯定,同樣屬于委婉表達(dá),再次體現(xiàn)出達(dá)西先生整封書信字里行間的禮貌和敬意。

通讀下來可以看出,達(dá)西先生措辭嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)禮貌,既有面對(duì)心愛之人的小心翼翼,又有自我堅(jiān)持的不卑不亢。

在告白失敗中,他已經(jīng)知道自己在伊麗莎白心目中傲慢的形象,所以在用詞和句法中,達(dá)西努力避免居高臨下的強(qiáng)硬,更多地使用委婉表達(dá),在解釋誤會(huì)的同時(shí)不致讓伊麗莎白感到愧疚。

達(dá)西放下貴族身段,真誠寫下這封長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾頁的信,信中對(duì)以前的誤會(huì)和矛盾毫無遮掩,有錯(cuò)就認(rèn),有誤會(huì)就澄清,坦蕩無偽。

我愛你,所以不愿你對(duì)我心存誤會(huì);我愛你,所以不愿強(qiáng)求你的感情讓你為難。

我愛你,所以我深深地祝福你,縱使你不愛我。