? topic

? topicality

? level of language

? suitability for the task

? length

? focus of text

? style of writing

? focus of task

? level of task.?

At this stage, guidance is given to item writers on revising items and altering texts for resubmission. This is seen as an important element in item writer training and advice is also offered on any rejected texts and unsuitable item types.

Following pre-editing feedback, material is completed and submitted for editing. Editing takes place at meetings involving Cambridge ESOL staff and chairs. Item writers are encouraged to participate in editing meetings dealing with their material. This is seen as another important part of their ongoing training.

At editing, texts and selected items are approved for pretesting or are sent back to a writer for further revision. Revised material is then re-edited at a subsequent meeting.

解讀：雅思試題編寫實(shí)際分為預(yù)編寫和正式編寫兩個(gè)步驟。聽說讀寫每個(gè)單項(xiàng)組負(fù)責(zé)人與劍橋工作人員之間首先將進(jìn)行一次編輯會(huì)議，就試題素材的題材、時(shí)效性、語言難度、長度、文體等9大方面進(jìn)行商討，確定其是否適合用于試題編寫；接下來，試題編寫團(tuán)隊(duì)得到指令，正式開始題目編寫及素材改編，在此期間編輯會(huì)議將不斷進(jìn)行。

Pretest Construction: 生成先期測試題

Pretesting: 進(jìn)行先期測試

IELTS pretests are very similar to the tests that will be used in live administrations.? The tasks are in their final form including task rubrics (instructions) and examples. Listening pretests are professionally recorded to ensure that they are of acceptable quality. Listening and Reading pretests are administered to IELTS candidates at selected centres or to prospective candidates on IELTS preparation courses. The pretests are marked at Cambridge ESOL and statistically analysed. Writing and Speaking pretests are administered to representative samples of candidates to assess the appropriateness of this material for use in live tests, and to establish that the tasks are capable of eliciting an adequate sample of language to allow for the assessment of candidates against the scoring criteria.

解讀：一旦編寫工作初步完成，先期測試題就將生成并進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場測試以檢驗(yàn)試題是否達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。先期測試題和實(shí)際的考試用題非常相似，其中聽讀兩個(gè)部分會(huì)在選定的考點(diǎn)或正參加雅思備考課程的潛在考生中進(jìn)行，而說和寫則通過代表性的考生樣本群體來測試，為試題效果分析提供數(shù)據(jù)。

（未完待續(xù)）