What are the best ways to learn foreign languages?
學(xué)外語最好的方法是什么？

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獲得803.8k好評的回答@Gruff Davies:

In fact, there's not one trick but a whole suite of tricks to help you learn a language. I'll use French as an example, but this advice applies to any language.
其實有助于你學(xué)習(xí)語言的方法不止一種，而是一整套方法。我以法語為例，但這條建議適用于任何語言。

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1. Understand the Language Learning Journey
1.理解學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程

People largely give up because they had the wrong expectations set. So let's bust some myths:
很多人放棄是因為他們有錯誤的期待，我們來揭秘：

1) Learning a language isn't hard. It's just LONG.
1）學(xué)語言并不難，只是時間長。

2) Everyone is naturally good at languages. You already learned one, remember? You've just forgotten how long it took.
2）每個人都天生擅長學(xué)習(xí)語言。你還記得嗎，自己已經(jīng)學(xué)會一門語言了，你只是忘了花多長時間學(xué)會母語的了。

I'm going to use a metaphor that I hope will help you get the knack. I think of learning a language a bit like climbing a mountain (a large but easy mountain, the sort that anyone can climb so long as they keep going).
我要用一種比喻，希望能幫你掌握外語學(xué)習(xí)方法。我認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)語言有點兒像爬山（很高但好爬的山，是那種只要堅持任何人都能登頂?shù)纳剑?/div>

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2. Intensity is vital to learning a language quickly.
2.快速學(xué)成語言強度很關(guān)鍵。

To use my mountain metaphor, the ground is icy and slippery and the faster you can climb, the less you will slip back.
用我的登山比喻說明一下，地面上結(jié)了冰，很滑，你爬得越快，后退得越少。

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3. Be kind to yourself
3.對自己好一點

I've used sunlight in this mountain metaphor to give you an indication of how it feels to be at these levels.
我在登山比喻中用到了陽光，是想暗示你到達這個水平感覺如何。

Expect a lot of fog and confusion for the first few hundred hours. EVERYONE feels this way, even the people who seem really gifted at languages. The difference is, anyone who's already been through that and reached the sunlight expects this stage, and it doesn't faze them because they know they'll get there eventually.
你要預(yù)料到前幾百小時會充滿迷霧和困惑，每個人都是這種感覺，即使真的很有語言天賦的人也是如此。區(qū)別在于任何已經(jīng)穿過了這一階段到達陽光地帶的人一直期待著這一階段，他們沒有被嚇倒因為他們知道自己終會成功。

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4. Prepare for the journey
4.為這一旅程做好準(zhǔn)備
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If you're a complete beginner I find it's really important to absorb the sounds of the language before beginning serious study.
如果你一點基礎(chǔ)都沒有，我發(fā)現(xiàn)真正學(xué)習(xí)之前先接觸這種語言的聲音真的很重要。
????????????

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5. Practise looking stupid
5.練習(xí)看起來很傻

You will speak and not be understood and you will listen and not understand. It's really okay and in fact necessary to learning. Feeling stupid is actually a sign of progress.
你說話別人聽不懂，別人說話你又聽不懂，這都沒關(guān)系，其實是學(xué)習(xí)的必經(jīng)階段。感覺自己很笨其實是進步的標(biāo)志。

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6. Find out where you are (and therefore what the next stage is)
6.知道自己是什么水平（就能知道下一步怎么做）

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7. Set goals
7.設(shè)定目標(biāo)

I highly recommend setting short term and longer terms goals. Short term goals can be as simple as how many hours of study you will do each week. Set longer terms goals like passing a specific CEFR level.
我強烈建議設(shè)定短期目標(biāo)和長期目標(biāo)。短期目標(biāo)可以簡單到每周學(xué)習(xí)幾小時，設(shè)定長期目標(biāo)，比如通過CEFR（歐洲語言共同框架）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

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8. Repetition, Repetition, Repetition
8.重復(fù)、重復(fù)、再重復(fù)

Repetition is absolutely vital to learning most things but especially important when learning a language.
重復(fù)在學(xué)習(xí)大多數(shù)東西時都是絕對重要的，學(xué)語言時尤為重要。

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9. Recall is more important than revision
9.回憶比復(fù)習(xí)更重要

Practising recall has proven to be 300% more effective than revising something.
回憶練習(xí)經(jīng)證明比復(fù)習(xí)效率高出300%。

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10. Rote learn set texts in a foreign language
10.死記硬背外語文本

This is my number one trick and I've found this to be singularly the most effective method in acquiring a language rapidly.
這是頭等重要的技巧，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它是快速學(xué)習(xí)語言最為行之有效的方法。

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11. Sleep
11.睡眠

Sleep is vital to memory.
睡眠對記憶力至關(guān)重要。

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12. Exercise & Nutrition
12.鍛煉&營養(yǎng)

If you exercise, you get huge mental benefits. Eating healthily, just like exercise, has amazing cognitive benefits.
鍛煉對頭腦有很大好處。吃得健康和鍛煉一樣，對認(rèn)知有驚人的好處。

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13. Learn about learning
13.學(xué)會學(xué)習(xí)

This is about just taking time to reflect on what work best for you and thinking about how to improve on what you're doing.
這指的是花點時間反思一下什么方法最適合你，以及如何提高你目前的學(xué)習(xí)方法。

Hope that's helpful!
希望對你有所幫助！

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（翻譯：菲菲）