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?虛擬語氣:

  英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。虛擬語氣用來表示假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。

  1. If sb had done sth (壞事), sb would never have done sth (好事).

  如果某人過去做了某事(壞事),那么他永遠不可能做某事。

  If Hugh Miller, after toiling all day in quarry (采石場), had devoted his evenings to rest and recreation, he would never have become a famous geologist.

  2. Sb would never have done sth (好事1) , never have done sth (好事2), if sb had done sth (壞事)

  某人永遠不可能做某事,永遠不可能做某事,如果某人過去做了某件壞事。

  The celebrated mathematician, Edmund Stone, would never have published amathematical dictionary, never have found the key to science of mathematics, if he had given his spare moments to idleness.

  3. Had sb done sth(壞事) ,sb would never have done sth (好事)

  如果某人過去做了某件壞事,而不是去做某件好事,那么他永遠不可能做某事(好事)。

  Had the little Scotch lad, Ferguson, allowed the busy brain to go to sleep while he tended sheep on the hillside, instead of calculating the position of the stars by a string of beads, he would never have become a famous astronomer.

  對以上幾個虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用范文:

  Group discussion Google

  If Google had ignored the importance of group discussion, this high-tech company would never have achieved today's stunning success.

  (If sb had done sth, he would never have done sth)

  Google, a once obscure, ailing / fragile company, would never have achieved today's stunning success, never have conquered so big a market share, if it had ignored the importance of group discussion.

  (sb would never have done sth , never have done sth , if sb had donesth)

  Had Google , a once small , obscure company , ignored the importance of group discussion ,the hi-tech tycoon would never , never have harvested today's overwhelming success . (壓倒性的成功)

  情態(tài)動詞:

  情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的詞義,但是不能獨立作謂語,只能和行為動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞用在行為動詞前,表示說話人對這一動作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設(shè)想。 情態(tài)動詞雖然數(shù)量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) must not.

  雅思寫作中關(guān)于情態(tài)動詞的使用經(jīng)常存在漏用和誤用的情況,而大作文本身就是要求寫對某個事物或者現(xiàn)象的評價,所以不可避免要出現(xiàn)帶有情態(tài)動詞的觀點句。下面是發(fā)現(xiàn)的比較常見的問題:

  首先是情態(tài)動詞,尤其是Will的漏掉。

  中國考生受漢語影響,一提到“將來”才會有意識地用will, 實際上will可以表達“能、將、會、要、就”等多種意義。只是涉及到這樣的地方很多考生就把這幾個詞當(dāng)作虛詞忽略掉了,以至于經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)“觀點”與“事實”不分的句子, 如:

  Riding bicycles reduces air pollution.

  如果沒有情態(tài)動詞,這個句子就只表示目前存在的狀態(tài)或者事實,而不表示個人對騎自行車的評價。

  其它的常見的漏用還體現(xiàn)在與if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句一起連用的主句中,so that或者in order that引導(dǎo)的從句,或者是與without, in case of等介詞短語連用的主句,不論條件還是目的都是寫作中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的句式。如:

  If I have time tomorrow, I drive to pick you up.

  Xiao Zhang gets up very early so that he catches the earliest bus to work.

  Without enough time to stay inside campus, college students don't have time to improve themselves.

  其次是情態(tài)動詞“can”的誤用。

  分析認為主要問題是中國學(xué)生在亮觀點時對“can”情有獨鐘,而英式的學(xué)風(fēng)歷來講究嚴謹,像can這樣語氣過于一定的表達最好換成may/ will, 或者是語氣更委婉的might/would probably等,同時還要搭配一定程度的副詞,如:

  Over indulgence in computer games can lead to social violence especially of teenagers.

  上句中can不如might用起來更加客觀,因為幾乎每個小孩都玩游戲,但絕不是每個人都會犯罪。

  另外一個容易誤用的詞是should。

  多表示根據(jù)社會風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣個人的責(zé)任,而在比較正式的議論文寫作中,多數(shù)句子是以客觀事物做主語的,所以用should就有些不太恰當(dāng),如:

  To tackle the problem of youth crimes related with computer games, advertisement enterprises should restrict the large-scale promotion.

  一般我們會用另外一個更客觀性的短語be to do來代替,或者是shall,但是這里的shall不是用于第一人稱后的將來時符號,而表示的是一種情態(tài)。

  至于must, 因為語氣實在強硬,所以一般在社會性的問題的論述上我們要慎用,建議考生可換成need/ shall/ be to do或者是be expected to do形式。如:

  To help students get better employment, universities must increase the skillful courses.

  雖然情態(tài)動詞不是關(guān)系寫作是否能上6分的語法項目,但也會在一定程度上影響到分數(shù),所以希望考生們能引起足夠的重視。

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