漢譯英

第一篇：本文選自李 源 潮在非洲孔子學院聯(lián)席會議開幕式上的講話

高興出席非洲孔子學院會議。剛才的開場秀充滿了非洲特色，同學們的表演有點有很多中國文化元素。大家知道孔子是中國兩千多年前偉大的思想家，教育家。中華文化有五千多年的歷史，舉世聞名的四大發(fā)明造紙術(shù)指南針火藥印刷術(shù)。推動人類文明進步的偉大。

參考答案：It gives me great pleasure to attend the African Confucian Institute Conference. I must say that the opening show is very African indeed.? I have also noticed elements of Chinese culture in your performance. As we know, Confucius is the great Chinese thinker and educator two thousand years ago. The Chinese culture has more than five thousand years of history and has produced the world-renowned four great inventions of paper making, compass, fire powders and printing technique, all of which have contributed to the progress of human civilization.

剛才的開場秀充滿了非洲特色：除去翻譯成feature或者characteristics之類的，也可以按照參考譯文中的處理方式，顯得輕松活潑。中華文化有五千多年的歷史，舉世聞名的四大發(fā)明造紙術(shù)指南針火藥印刷術(shù)。推動人類文明進步的偉大。這個句子可以不切換主語，直接用produce接續(xù)，聽起來比較流暢。

歷史上絲綢之路貫通亞歐。鄭和船隊遠達非洲帶去的不僅是精美的絲綢瓷器。更是中國人民的友誼。改革開放三十多年來。中國文化在非洲國家日益受到歡迎,成為加深中非友誼的橋梁。

參考答案：In history, there are silk route that connected Asia with Europe and the expedition fleets led by Zheng He who has visited the African continent. China, besides exporting the exquisites silk and porcelains, also conveyed Chinese people’s good wills. During the three decades of China’s reform and opening-up project, Chinese culture became increasingly popular among African countries and served as a bridge of friendship between China and Africa.

歷史上絲綢之路貫通亞歐。鄭和船隊遠達非洲帶去的不僅是精美的絲綢瓷器。這種句子屬于典型的意會句，在處理的時候要注意主語選擇，以免出現(xiàn)搭配失誤。（絲綢之路是不能發(fā)出帶來這個動作的。）中國文化在非洲國家日益受到歡迎,成為加深中非友誼的橋梁。這個句子同樣存在搭配問題，橋梁不能發(fā)出加深這個動作，因此只能簡化為“友誼之橋。”像這類搭配問題在漢語當中到處都有，需要譯者在日常生活中時時思考。

今年中國公民赴非旅游超過一百五十萬人次。多部中國電視劇在非洲國家播出。近年來非洲赴華留學生人數(shù)年均增長百分之三十以上。不少非洲歌手登上中國電視舞臺，有多位非洲足球運動員來到中國踢球。中非文化因交流而多彩,文化因互鑒而豐富。

參考答案：This year, the number of Chinese tourists bound for African has exceeded 1.5 million people/time. Several Chinese TV series are on the air in African countries. The African students studying in China is increasing at an annual rate of 30%. Many African singers perform in Chinese TV programs and African soccer players compete in Chinese soccer leagues. Thanks to exchanges and mutual learning, the Chinese and African culture become rich and colorful.

多部中國電視劇在非洲國家播出。這類內(nèi)容一般都有專門說法，需要有意識地積累。

不少非洲歌手登上中國電視舞臺，有多位非洲足球運動員來到中國踢球。這句話當中登上中國電視舞臺，來到中國踢球，都不能直譯。因為電視臺不一定是在真正的舞臺上表演，來中國踢球也不是隨便踢踢，而是加入職業(yè)聯(lián)賽。因此在翻譯時都要斟酌以后再行處理。

中非文化因交流而多彩,文化因互鑒而豐富。這類看似上下聯(lián)對仗的句子，實際上很可能是一句話，參考譯文中的處理很值得借鑒。

再看一例：

中餐烹調(diào)所用的天然原料，品種繁多，幾無窮盡，烹調(diào)方法亦層出不窮，不可悉數(shù)。

這個句子里有四個四字詞，如果一一翻譯，勢必令譯者詞窮，即便能夠翻譯出來，聽眾聽來也會覺得繁瑣冗余。如果進行合并，效果就會好很多：The Chinese cuisine is known for its incredibly rich choices of natural ingredients and numerous ways of treating them.

孔子學院是中外文化交流互鑒的重要平臺。學院以孔子命名。這體現(xiàn)鮮明的中國特色, 也體現(xiàn)出加強中外文化交流的良好愿望，非洲地區(qū)的孔子學院發(fā)展迅速。2005年第一家孔子學院落戶肯尼亞以來，已在三十二個非洲國家建成三十八所孔子學院和十個孔子課堂。

參考答案：Confucius Institutes are an important platform for exchanges between Chinese and foreign cultures. Named after Confucius, these institutes not only symbolize the distinctive Chinese culture, but also carry the good wishes of enhancing cultural exchanges and people-to-people friendship.? Confucius institute develops rapidly in Africa. In 2005, the first institute was inaugurated in Kenya. Since then, 38 institute and 10 Confucius Classrooms were established in 32 African countries.

2005年第一家孔子學院落戶肯尼亞以來,這個句子可以從中一分為二，有利用譯者控制局面，落戶肯尼亞was inaugurated in Kenya.

孔子學院既是海外漢語教學機構(gòu)，也是向世界介紹中國的重要平臺，除了漢語孔子學院也向當?shù)厝嗣窠榻B中國文化歷史思想風俗習慣。學院的漢語教學基于三個原則，有用處，有意思，有文化。

參考答案：Besides working as an organization teaching Chinese overseas, Confucius institute is also an important window to showcase China to the outside world. In addition to teaching Chinese language, it also introduces the local people knowledge on China’s culture, history, thoughts and customs. The school follows the three principles in its language education of being useful, interesting and helpful.

孔子學院既是海外漢語教學機構(gòu)，也是向世界介紹中國的重要平臺.由于前面用了platform,這里換作window,介紹一詞也變成了showcasing。