六級(jí)翻譯第三套 青海湖

原文：

青海湖位于海拔3205米，青海省省會(huì)西寧以西約100公里處。是中國(guó)最大的咸水湖，面積4317平方公里，最深處25.5米，有23條河注入湖中，其中大部分是季節(jié)性的。百分之八十的湖水源于五條主要河流。青海湖位于跨越亞洲的幾條候鳥遷徙路線的交叉處。許多鳥類把青海湖作為遷徙過(guò)程中的暫息地，湖的西側(cè)是著名的“鳥島”，吸引著來(lái)自世界各地的觀鳥者。每年夏天，游客們也來(lái)這里觀看國(guó)際自行車比賽。

解析：

【第一句】青海湖位于海拔3205米，青海省省會(huì)西寧以西約100公里處。

整句話主語(yǔ)為青海湖，譯為Qinghai Lake，而謂語(yǔ)的位于，是指青海湖位置，用be located in/situated in 來(lái)翻，但注意，位于并非指海拔高低，而是方位，故意群為位于…以西，譯為is located/situated about 100 km west of…。海拔的名詞為altitude，故海拔3205米，可作狀語(yǔ)，譯為at the altitude of 3,205 metres。但若童鞋不知單詞altitude，也可以用sea level替換，譯為3,205 metres above sea level。

故整句話可譯為：

Qinghai Lake is 3,205 metres above sea level. It is about 100 km to the west of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province.

高端版的譯文為：

Qinghai Lake is situated about 100 kilometres west of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province, at the altitude of 3,205 metres.

【第二句】是中國(guó)最大的咸水湖，面積4317平方公里，最深處25.5米，有23條河注入湖中，其中大部分是季節(jié)性的。

句子主語(yǔ)還是青海湖。前半句意群為湖水面積和深淺，而后半句為有河流注入湖中。故翻譯時(shí)可拆分為兩句話。第1句，謂語(yǔ)是…咸水湖，咸水湖譯為salt lake或saline lake，面積…實(shí)則表示湖水的表面面積，可作狀語(yǔ)置于句首，故譯為with a surface area of 4,317 square kilometres，但這里也可簡(jiǎn)化，將它拆成一個(gè)新的句子，譯為its size is 4317 km2。同理，后面最深處…也可拆開成一個(gè)新的句子，譯為The deepest point of the lake is 25.5 metres或its maximum depth is 25.5 metres。第2句分析后，主語(yǔ)為23條河，而注入為謂語(yǔ)，也可理解為流入，可譯為flow into，或更精確的empty into（河川注入），季節(jié)性為seasonal，而整句話的兩個(gè)分句可用and或定語(yǔ)從句將其連接。

故整句話可譯為：

It is the largest salt lake. Its size is 4317 km2. The deepest point of the lake is 25.5 metres. 23 rivers flow into the lake, and most of the rivers are seasonal.

高端版的譯文為：

With a surface area of 4,317 square kilometres, Qinghai Lake is the largest saline lake in China and its maximum depth is 25.5 metres. Twenty-three rivers and streams empty into Qinghai Lake, most of which are seasonal.

【第三句】百分之八十的湖水源于五條主要河流。

這句話的謂語(yǔ)為源于可表示湖水從何而來(lái)，故可用come from，但也可以倒過(guò)來(lái)，五條河流提供了百分之八十的湖水，也可用provide。湖水既可以說(shuō)water in the lake，也可以用更精確的influx(n.匯集，流入)，表示這些湖水是從別的河流匯聚而成。

故整句話可譯為：

80% of the water in the lake comes from 5 main rivers.

高端版的譯文為：

Five major rivers provide 80% of total influx.

【第四句】青海湖位于跨越亞洲的幾條候鳥遷徙路線的交叉處。

這句話的核心結(jié)構(gòu)為青海湖位于…交叉處，劃線部分為交叉處的修飾定語(yǔ)。交叉處可譯為crossroads或crossing point，位于交叉處，be (located) at the crossroads，跨越亞洲的，可用介詞短語(yǔ)across Asia作后置定語(yǔ)，候鳥遷徙為bird migration，路線可用path 或route。

故整句話可譯為：

Qinghai Lake is at the crossing point of several bird migration paths across Asia.

高端版的譯文為：

The lake is located at the crossroads of several bird migration routes across Asia.

【第五句】許多鳥類把青海湖作為遷徙過(guò)程中的暫息地，湖的西側(cè)是著名的“鳥島”，吸引著來(lái)自世界各地的觀鳥者。

這句話可拆為兩句話翻譯：許多鳥類把青海湖作為遷徙過(guò)程中的暫息地，//湖的西側(cè)是著名的“鳥島”，吸引著來(lái)自世界各地的觀鳥者。

第1句，主語(yǔ)許多鳥類，直譯為species，但不知該詞時(shí)也可用birds，謂語(yǔ)把…作為…暫息地，可譯文use…as an intermediate(中間的) stop或take … as a place to rest，其中暫息地可理解為在遷徙過(guò)程中停下來(lái)或停下休息的地方。后半句中的遷徙過(guò)程中的用介詞短語(yǔ)during the migration作后置定語(yǔ)。第2句有兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，西側(cè)是…和吸引，但英語(yǔ)句子只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，故可將吸引譯為attracting現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，觀鳥者為birdwatchers，鳥島為Bird Islands（青海湖的鳥島分為東西兩島）。

故整句話可譯為：

Many birds take Qinghai Lake as a place to rest during their migration. To the west of the lake, are the famous “Bird Islands”, attracting birdwatchers from all over the world.

高端版的譯文為：

Many species use Qinghai Lake as an intermediate stop during migration. On the western side of the lake lie the renowned “Bird Islands”, attracting bird-watchers from different parts of the world.

【第六句】每年夏天，游客們也來(lái)這里觀看國(guó)際自行車比賽。

該句為簡(jiǎn)單句，其中(青海湖)國(guó)際自行車比賽，官網(wǎng)譯法自行車用的時(shí)cycling，若不知該單詞，也可以用bicycle/bike替換，官方譯法比賽為race，這里也可以用competition。

故整句話可譯為：

Every summer, visitors also come here to watch the international bicycle racing competition.

高端版的譯文為：

Every summer, visitors also come here to watch the international cycling race.

【過(guò)關(guān)版】

Qinghai Lake is 3205 meters above sea level. It is about 100 km to the west of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province. It is the largest lake with salty water. Its size is 4317 km2. The deepest point of the lake is 25.5 meters. 23 rivers flow into the lake. Most of the rivers are seasonal. 80% of the water of the lake comes from 5 main rivers. Qinghai Lake is at the crossing point of several bird migration paths. Many birds take Qinghai Lake as a place to rest when they are migrating. To the west of the lake, is the famous “Bird Island”, attracting birdwatchers from all over the world. Every summer, visitors also come here to watch international bicycle racing competitions.

【高分版】

Qinghai Lake is situated about about 100 kilometres west of the capital city of Qinghai province, Xining, at the altitude of 3,205 metres. With a surface area of 4,317 square kilometres, Qinghai Lake is the largest saline lake in China and its maximum depth is 25.5 meters. Twenty-three rivers and streams empty into Qinghai Lake, most of which are seasonal. Five permanent streams provide 80% of total influx. The lake is located at the crossroads of several bird migration routes across Asia. Many species use Qinghai Lake as an intermediate stop during migration. On the western side of the lake lies the renowned “Bird Islands”, which attract bird-watchers from different parts of the world. Every summer, tourists also come here to watch the international cycling race.