六級(jí)翻譯第二套 太湖

原文：
太湖是中國(guó)東部的一個(gè)淡水湖，占地面積2250平方公里，是中國(guó)第三大淡水湖，僅次于鄱陽(yáng)和洞庭，太湖約有90個(gè)島嶼，大小從幾平方米到幾平方公里不等。太湖以其獨(dú)特的“太湖石”而聞名，太湖石常用于裝飾中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)園林。太湖也以高產(chǎn)的捕魚業(yè)而聞名。自從上世紀(jì)70年代后期以來(lái)，捕撈魚蟹對(duì)沿湖的居民來(lái)說(shuō)極為重要，并對(duì)周邊地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。太湖地區(qū)是中國(guó)陶瓷業(yè)基地之一。其中宜興的陶瓷廠家生產(chǎn)舉世聞名的宜興紫砂壺。

解析：

【第一句】太湖是中國(guó)東部的一個(gè)淡水湖，占地面積2250平方公里，是中國(guó)第三大淡水湖，僅次于鄱陽(yáng)和洞庭，太湖約有90個(gè)島嶼，大小從幾平方米到幾平方公里不等。

這句話描述太湖的概況。但由于句子長(zhǎng)信息多，可拆分來(lái)翻。整句話有三類主要信息，第一介紹太湖，第二太湖面積，第三有90個(gè)島嶼。故可再細(xì)分成三句翻譯：太湖是中國(guó)東部的一個(gè)淡水湖//占地面積2250平方公里，是中國(guó)第三大淡水湖，僅次于鄱陽(yáng)和洞庭 // 太湖約有90個(gè)島嶼，大小從幾平方米到幾平方公里不等。第1句中的淡水湖，淡水于英文，無(wú)咸淡概念，而是流動(dòng)，新鮮的水，故用freshwater。第2句，核心謂語(yǔ)是“是中國(guó)第三大淡水湖”。其余可做狀語(yǔ)，其中的僅次于，可直接用after來(lái)作狀語(yǔ)，鄱陽(yáng)和洞庭的譯法為L(zhǎng)ake Poyang和Lake Dongting。第3句中的從…不等可用range from。

故整句話可譯為：
Lake Tai is a freshwater lake in east China. Covering 2,250 square kilometres, it is the third-largest freshwater lake in China, after Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting. Lake Tai has about 90 islands, whose sizes range from a few square metres to several square kilometres.

高端版的譯文為：
Lake Tai is a freshwater lake in the eastern part of China. With an area of 2,250 square kilometres, Lake Tai ranks the third-largest freshwater lake in China, after Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting. Lake Tai houses about 90 islands, ranging in size from a few square metres to several square kilometres.

【第二句】太湖以其獨(dú)特的“太湖石”而聞名，太湖石常用于裝飾中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)園林。

此句較短，可直接按照標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)劃句：1. 太湖以其獨(dú)特的“太湖石”而聞名；2. 太湖石常用于裝飾中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)園林。這其中有需要注意的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1. ”太湖石”是專有名詞，所以其中的太湖可用拼音代替，譯為“Taihu stones ”；2. ”石頭常用于”應(yīng)用被動(dòng)：be often used to; 3. 此句翻譯為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之后，不要忘記在中間加上連詞and來(lái)并列，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)句子中不能出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；如果沒(méi)有連詞，也可以把第二句處理成從句或者非謂語(yǔ)的伴隨狀態(tài)；

故整句話可譯為：
The lake is renowned for its special ‘Taihu stones’, which are often used to decorate traditional Chinese gardens.

高端版的譯文為：
The lake is renowned for its unique ‘Taihu stones’, which are often used to decorate traditional Chinese gardens.

【第四句】自從上世紀(jì)70年代后期以來(lái)，捕撈魚蟹對(duì)沿湖的居民來(lái)說(shuō)極為重要，并對(duì)周邊地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。

此句也可以直接按照標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)斷為三個(gè)部分：1. 自從上世界70年代后期以來(lái)；2. 捕撈魚蟹對(duì)沿湖的居民來(lái)說(shuō)極為重要；3. 并對(duì)周邊地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)；這句的翻譯中有這幾個(gè)需要注意的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1. 表達(dá)多于一年的概念時(shí)，需要加“s”和冠詞“the”，也就是說(shuō)上世紀(jì)70年代，要寫成in the 1970s. 2. 對(duì)于水平有限的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，“沿湖”和“周邊地區(qū)”的概念可以簡(jiǎn)化并混為一談，“很重要”和“做出重大貢獻(xiàn)”也可以勉強(qiáng)混為一談，但是最準(zhǔn)確的譯法還是得將這兩組概念區(qū)分開來(lái)；

故整句話可譯為：
Since the late 1970s, the harvest of fish and crabs has been very important to the people who live around the lake and to the economy of the area around.

完整的高端譯文版：
Since the late 1970s, harvesting food products such as fish and crabs has been invaluable to people living along the lakes and has contributed significantly to the economy of the surrounding area.

【第五句】太湖地區(qū)是中國(guó)陶瓷業(yè)基地之一。

這句話的難點(diǎn)在于“陶瓷業(yè)基地”的翻譯；如果直譯的話，可以譯為：the major industrial bases for ceramics；但是意譯的話，其實(shí)可以直接理解為：the ceramic centres；

故本句話可譯為：
The lake area is one of the major industrial bases for ceramics in China.

【第六句】其中宜興的陶瓷廠家生產(chǎn)舉世聞名的宜興紫砂壺。

這句話其實(shí)和上句話有強(qiáng)相關(guān)的聯(lián)系，因?yàn)檫@句話的一開始就說(shuō)了“其中”兩個(gè)字；這里的其中，意思上應(yīng)該理解為“太湖地區(qū)中”，所以表示地點(diǎn)上的聯(lián)系；故此處把這句話處理成上一句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句是最理想的。另外“舉世聞名”最簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯可以譯為一個(gè)形容詞：world-famous，如果不能寫出此形容詞，可以再用一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行直譯：which is famous worldwide.

故本句可譯為：
…, where Yixing pottery factories produce the world-famous Yixing clay teapots.

完整譯文：

【過(guò)關(guān)版】
Lake Tai is a freshwater lake in east China, covering 2,250 square kilometres. It is the third-largest freshwater lake in China, after Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting. Lake Tai has about 90 islands, whose sizes range from a few square metres to several square kilometres. The lake is famous for its unique ‘Taihu stones’, which are often used to decorate traditional Chinese gardens. The lake is also known for its fishing industry. Since the late 1970s, the harvest of fish and crabs has been very important to the people who live around the lake and to the economy of the area around. The lake area is one of the major industrial bases for ceramics in China, where Yixing pottery factories produce the world-famous Yixing clay teapots.

【高分版】
Lake Tai is a freshwater lake in the eastern part of China. With an area of 2,250 square kilometres, Lake Tai ranks the third-largest freshwater lake in China, after Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting. Lake Tai houses about 90 islands, ranging in size from a few square metres to several square kilometres. The lake is renowned for its unique ‘Taihu stones’, which are often used to decorate traditional Chinese gardens. The lake is also known for its productive fishing industry. Since the late 1970s, harvesting food products such as fish and crabs has been invaluable to people living along the lakes and has contributed significantly to the economy of the surrounding area. The lake area is one of the ceramic centres in China, where Yixing pottery factories produce the world-famous Yixing clay teapots.

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