An Internet troll is a member of an online social community who deliberately tries to disrupt, attack, offend or generally cause trouble within the community by posting certain comments, photos, videos, GIFs or some other form of online content.

“網(wǎng)絡(luò)噴子”是指網(wǎng)上社區(qū)里故意試圖破壞、攻擊、冒犯、引起爭端的人。他們通過在社區(qū)里發(fā)表評論、照片、視頻，動圖或其他形式的線上內(nèi)容來達(dá)到目的。

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You can find trolls all over the Internet – on message boards, in your YouTube video comments, on Facebook, on dating sites, in blog comment sections and everywhere else that has an open area where people can freely post to express their thoughts and opinions. Controlling them can be difficult when there are a lot of community members, but the most common ways to get rid of them include either banning/blocking individual user accounts (and sometimes IP addresses altogether), reporting them to authorities, or closing off comment sections entirely from a blog post, video page or topic thread.

網(wǎng)上到處都能找到這樣的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)噴子”——比如留言板上、YouTube視頻評論中、臉書、約會網(wǎng)站上、微博評論里，以及其他任何開放評論讓人們自由地表達(dá)想法和觀點(diǎn)的地方。如果一個社區(qū)里有很多用戶，那想要控制“網(wǎng)絡(luò)噴子”會比較困難。擺脫他們最常見的方式就是，要么禁止或阻斷個人用戶帳戶（有時同時封禁IP地址），舉報；要么關(guān)閉整個博客、視頻頁面或者話題下面的評論區(qū)。

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Regardless of where you'll find Internet trolls lurking, they all tend to disrupt communities in very similar (and often predictable) ways. This isn't by any means a complete list of all the different types of trolls out there, but they're most certainly some of the most common types you'll often come across in active online communities.

不管你在哪里發(fā)現(xiàn)潛伏的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)噴子，他們想要破壞社區(qū)的方式都非常相似（而且往往是可預(yù)見的）。這個列表雖未包括所有類型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)噴子，但肯定是你上網(wǎng)時最常遇到的那些。

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01

The insult troll

侮辱型

The insult troll is a pure hater, plain and simple. And they don't even really have to have a reason to hate or insult someone. These types of trolls will often pick on everyone and anyone – calling them names, accusing them of certain things, doing anything they can to get a negative emotional response from them – just because they can. In many cases, this type of trolling can become so severe that it can lead to or be considered a serious form of cyberbullying.

侮辱型噴子純粹厭惡一切，直白且簡單。他們憎恨或者侮辱某個人甚至不需要一個具體理由。這些類型的人往往會選擇任何一個人——直呼他們的名字，指責(zé)他們的某些事情，盡他們所能，從被攻擊者那里得到消極的情緒反應(yīng)——僅僅因為他們樂意這么做。在許多情況下，這種噴子的行為可以嚴(yán)重到能導(dǎo)致或被認(rèn)定成嚴(yán)重的網(wǎng)絡(luò)霸凌行為。


02

The persistent debate troll

持久爭論型


This type of troll loves a good argument. They can take a great, thoroughly researched and fact-based piece of content, and come at it from all opposing discussion angles to challenge its message. They believe they're right, and everyone else is wrong. You'll often also find them leaving long threads or arguments with other commenters in community comment sections, and they're always determined to have the last word – continuing to comment until that other user gives up.

這種類型的人喜歡爭論。他們會用龐大的、徹底的研究還有基于事實的內(nèi)容碎片，來從各個對立的角度來駁斥被討論的信息。他們總認(rèn)為自己是對的，別人都是錯的。你會經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他們在社區(qū)評論里大寫長文，而且他們總是要做最后一個發(fā)言的人——一直評論直到其他用戶放棄評論為止。

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03

The grammar and spellcheck troll

語法拼寫糾錯型

You know this type of troll. They're the people who always have to tell other users that they have misspelled words and grammar mistakes. Even when they do it by simply commenting with the corrected word behind an asterisk symbol, it's pretty much never a welcomed comment to any discussion. Some of them even use a commenter's spelling and grammar mistakes as an excuse to insult them.

你一定知道這種噴子。這種人總是喜歡指出其他的用戶的拼寫和語法錯誤。這種行為在任何討論中都不受歡迎，即便是他們只用星號后面加修正詞的方式進(jìn)行評論。他們中的一些人甚至以評論者的拼寫和語法錯誤為由來侮辱評論者。


04

The forever offended troll

永遠(yuǎn)被冒犯型

When controversial topics are discussed online, they're bound to offend someone. That's normal. But then there are the types of trolls who can take a piece of content – often times it's a joke, a parody or something sarcastic – and turn on the digital waterworks. They're experts at taking humorous pieces of content and turning them into an argument by playing the victim. People really do get upset by some of the strangest things said and done online.

在網(wǎng)上討論爭議話題時，肯定有人覺得被冒犯。這是正常的。但是，有一種人，他們永遠(yuǎn)能抓住內(nèi)容當(dāng)中的某個片段，往往是一個笑話、一個滑稽的模仿或者帶點(diǎn)諷刺意味的東西，然后就一發(fā)不可收拾了。他們擅長把幽默搞笑的內(nèi)容，通過扮演受害者的方式，變成一場爭論。人們真的被這些人在網(wǎng)上說的話和做的事給搞得心煩意亂。


05

The show-off, know-it-all or blabbermouth troll

炫耀型、萬事通型或長舌怪型

A close relative to the persistent debate troll, the show-off or blabbermouth troll is a person who doesn't necessarily like to participate in arguments but does love to share his opinion in extreme detail, even spreading rumors and secrets in some cases. Think of that one family member or friend you know who just loves to hear his own voice. That's the Internet equivalent of the show-off or know-it-all or blabbermouth troll. They love to have long discussions and write lots of paragraphs about whatever they know, whether anyone reads it or not.

這種人和持久爭論型噴子很像。不過，他們不一定喜歡和人爭辯，但非常喜歡事無巨細(xì)地和人分享觀點(diǎn)和意見。甚至在某些情況下散布謠言和秘密。想想你身邊有沒有只在意自己想法的家人、親戚或朋友？把他們放在網(wǎng)上就相當(dāng)于炫耀、萬事通或長舌怪型怪人。他們喜歡花很長的時間討論或者寫下他們知道的任何東西，不管有沒有人要讀。

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06

The profanity and all-caps troll

破口大罵和全部字母都大寫型噴子

Unlike some of the more intelligent trolls like the debate troll, the grammar troll and the blabbermouth troll, the profanity and all-caps troll is the guy who has nothing really of value to add to the discussion, spewing only F-bombs and other curse words with his caps lock button left on. In many cases, these types of trolls are just bored kids looking for something to do without needing to put too much thought or effort into anything. On the other side of the screen, they're often harmless.

不像一些更聰明（如持久爭論型噴子或語法糾錯型噴子），有種人喜歡破口大罵，而且每個字母都大寫（如果是漢字的話，估計每個都加粗或者帶驚嘆號吧?。?。這種人在討論里不提供什么真正有意義或價值的東西，他們只會往外扔臟話或者咒罵，而且他說得話每個字母都要大寫。在很多情況下，這種類型的人只是一些無聊的找事情做的孩子，不需要為其他任何事思考或努力。他們在屏幕的另一端通常沒什么殺傷力。

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07

The one word only troll

只發(fā)一個字的怪人

There's always that one contributor to a Facebook status update, a forum thread, and Instagram photo, a Tumblr post or any other form of social posting who just says "lol" or "what" or "k" or "yes" or "no." They're certainly far from the worst type of troll you meet online, but when a serious or detailed topic is being discussed, their one-word replies are just a nuisance to all who are trying add value and follow the discussion.

總有那么一個人，無論是在臉書狀態(tài)的更新里、論壇的帖子里、Instagram的照片里、Tumblr的帖子下，或任何其他形式的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)里，發(fā)帖時候只說“哈”、“啥”、“好”、“對”、“否”。他們肯定比其他更糟糕的類型的怪人要好一些，但是在討論嚴(yán)肅的或者很細(xì)節(jié)的話題的時候，他們的一個字回答，通常會激怒那些想要發(fā)表有價值觀點(diǎn)來好好討論的人。


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08

The exaggeration troll

夸張型噴子

Exaggeration trolls can sometimes be a combination of know-it-alls, the offended and even debate trolls. They know how to take any topic or problem and completely blow it out of proportion. Some of them actually try to do it to be funny, and sometimes they succeed, while others do it just to be annoying. They rarely ever contribute any real value to a discussion and often bring up problems and issues that may arguably be unrelated to what's being discussed.

夸張型噴子有時是萬事通/被冒犯型怪人、甚至爭論型怪人的結(jié)合體。他們知道如何去夸大話題或者問題。他們中的一些人這么做只是為了好玩，而且有時候確實會搞笑成功。而他們中的另一些人這么做，就只能讓人生厭。他們很少在討論里貢獻(xiàn)什么真正有意義或價值的東西，只是經(jīng)常提出與現(xiàn)在正在討論的無關(guān)的問題。

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09

The off topic troll

離題八萬里噴子

It's pretty hard not to hate that guy who posts something completely off topic in any type of social community discussion. It can be even worse when that person succeeds in shifting the topic and everyone ends up talking about whatever irrelevant thing that he posted. You see it all the time online – in the comments of Facebook posts, in threaded YouTube comments, on Twitter and literally anywhere there're active discussions happening.

很難不討厭那個總是在社交媒體討論區(qū)發(fā)一些完全偏離討論主題的人。更慘的是，有時候，話題會成功被那個人帶跑偏，最后大家都在討論他評論的那個無關(guān)的話題。這種事情在網(wǎng)上到處都能看得到——臉書的文章的評論區(qū)，微博評論區(qū)、YouTube視頻評論區(qū)，推特上等等。真的是其他任何進(jìn)行討論的地方。

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10

The greedy spammer troll

狂發(fā)垃圾信息型

Last but not least, there's the dreaded spammer troll. This is the troll who truly could not care less about your post or discussion and is only posting to benefit himself. He wants you to check out his page, buy from his link, use his coupon code or download his free ebook. These trolls also include all those users you see littering discussions on Twitter and Instagram and every other social network with "follow me!!!" posts.

最后，還有令人生畏的狂發(fā)垃圾信息型盤子。這種人真的完全不在乎你的文章或討論，他發(fā)帖只為了自己的利益。他想讓你去看他的網(wǎng)頁，點(diǎn)他發(fā)的鏈接去買東西，用他的優(yōu)惠碼或者下載他的免費(fèi)電子書。這些怪人還包括所有在推特、Instagram、或其他社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺上寫“關(guān)注我！??！”這種帖子的用戶。

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翻譯：Andrea安寧