哪些是主謂一致的特殊情況
我們知道,中英文的差異之一,就是英文中句子的謂語動詞必須隨著主語的變化而變化,即所謂的“主謂一致”。它是指主語和謂語動詞之間在“人稱”和“數(shù)”的方面的一致關(guān)系。
很多人遇到主謂一致,就“犯糊涂”,一動筆做題,就出問題。究其原因,在于沒有真正理解這種主謂關(guān)系。
那么,哪些情況是主謂一致的特殊情況呢??
主謂一致的特殊有以下幾種:
1)population表示“人口”,一個國家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目,它作主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 當它前面有分數(shù)或百分數(shù)時,population是指一個國家或地區(qū)的全體居民,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。
The population of Canada is about 29 million. About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants.
2)集合名詞作主語,如果表示整體概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;如表示成員則用復數(shù)。常見的這部分名詞有:army,audience,class,club,committee,company,crowd,family,group,government,organization,party,team等。
Our football team is playing well. Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper.
3)a number of/a variety of/varieties of+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù); “the majority of+復數(shù)名詞” 作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式 the number of(表數(shù)目)和the variety of(表種類)等+可數(shù)名詞 作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
?A number of new houses have been built there. There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop. The number of the people who know the secret is very limited.
4) “a large amount of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語用單數(shù)
“l(fā)arge amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語用復數(shù)
“a large quantity of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語用單數(shù)
“a large quantity of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語常用復數(shù)
“l(fā)arge quantities of+不可數(shù)名詞/復數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語用復數(shù)
“a good/great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語用單數(shù)
A large amount of clean water is wasted every day.
Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.?
“a total of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語與復數(shù)動詞連用,意思是“總共有……”
“the total of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語與單數(shù)動詞連用,意思是“……的總數(shù)”。
4) 單復數(shù)同形的名詞作主語,要根據(jù)上下文的意義以及修飾這些詞的詞來確定其謂語形式。
常見的這部分名詞有aircraft,crossroads,deer,fish,headquarters。means,series,sheep,species,works等。如: The crossroads is/are dangerous.
5)當主語后面跟有with,together with,along with,accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,more than,rather than,no less than,except,but,besides,including等連接的詞組時,其謂語動詞的單復數(shù)不受這些詞語的影響。
6)the + adj./ v-ed 表示某類人作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式 the + adj. 表示某類事物或表示某一類抽象概念作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
The poor live a hard life.
7) there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致關(guān)系,謂語動詞通常和最鄰近的那個主語一致。
There are four chairs and a table in the room.
8) “a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:
?“one or two+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。
如: A student or two has failed the exam.一兩個學生考試不及格。
One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一兩個學生在植樹。
9)在主語和謂語倒裝的句子中,動詞的數(shù)應和它后面的主語的數(shù)一致。
On the wall are some famous paintings.
10)在“It + be+被強調(diào)部分+that/who...”結(jié)構(gòu)中,be用單數(shù)形式is或was,如被強調(diào)部分是主語,that/who后的謂語與被強調(diào)部分的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。
It is I who am a student.
It is they who have worked there for five years.
好了,以上就是關(guān)于主謂一致的特殊情況,同學們一定要認真對待,只是記住知識點是不夠的,還需要做大量的練習,來幫助自己熟練掌握這些知識。