目前為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了很多常見的連詞，大多數(shù)的連詞都屬于從屬連詞的范疇。這些連詞用來連接兩個(gè)在語法成份上相同的句子。

In other words, the clause without a conjunction is able to stand alone, while the clause that contains the conjunction cannot. Subordinating conjunctions examples:
換句話說，沒有連詞的句子可以獨(dú)立存在，然而有連詞的句子則不可以。從屬連詞的例子：[/cn

I don’t like cake because it’s too sweet.
[cn]我不喜歡蛋糕，因?yàn)樗鹆恕?/div>

This sentence consists of two clauses, “I don’t like cake” and “it’s too sweet,” both connected by the subordinating conjunction “because.”
這給句子里包含兩個(gè)句子，即“I don’t like cake”和 “it’s too sweet”。這兩句話由從屬連詞“because”連接。

The clause that stands alone is “I don’t like cake” and can form its own separate sentence. The clause “because it’s too sweet,” however, cannot stand alone and instead subordinates to the first clause. “I don’t like cake”
這個(gè)句子可以單獨(dú)存在。但是如果句子“because it’s too sweet”從屬于前一個(gè)句子，它則不能單獨(dú)存在。

這就是為什么我們把單詞“because”成為從屬連詞。你會(huì)注意到從屬連詞就是英文中最常見的，最常使用的單詞。下面就是最常見的從屬連詞的列表。

Note that unlike with coordinating conjunctions, subordinate clauses can appear before or after the independent clause.
與并列連詞不同的是，從屬連詞可以在一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子前面或者后面出現(xiàn)。

For example, while you could say, “I don’t like cake because it’s too sweet,” you could also say, “Because cake is too sweet, I don’t like it.”
舉個(gè)例子：你可以說“I don’t like cake because it’s too sweet”也可以說“Because cake is too sweet, I don’t like it.”

subordinating conjunctions
從屬連詞

1.BECAUSE
因?yàn)?/div>

Used to introduce a cause or a reason
用來引出原因或者理由

I didn’t answer your messages because I was out of the country.
我沒有回復(fù)你的消息是因?yàn)槲也辉趪?guó)內(nèi)。

Because my lower back kept hurting, I decided to finally go see a chiropractor.
我的背部一直在疼，我決定去看一下脊椎按摩師。

2.SINCE
因?yàn)?/div>

Can be used to introduce a cause or a reason
可以用來引出原因或者理由

I decided to bake cupcakes, since it was Marjorie’s birthday.
我決定烤紙杯蛋糕，因?yàn)檫@是馬喬里的生日。

Since you’re always late, I’m going to start showing up late too.
因?yàn)槟憧偸沁t到，我也要開始遲到了。

Can also be used to indicate that something has been true starting from a certain point in time.
也可以用來表示從某一特定時(shí)間開始，某事是正確的。

I’ve been broke since my last vacation to Puerto Rico.
自從上次去波多黎各，我就破產(chǎn)了。

Ever since I was young, I’ve always wanted to become a scientist.
從我年輕的時(shí)候起，我就一直想成為一名科學(xué)家。

What have you been up to since school ended?
畢業(yè)之后你一直在做什么？

3.UNTIL
直到…時(shí)

Can be used to indicate that an event only happens up to a certain point in time.
可以用來表示時(shí)間只發(fā)生到某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

I usually sit around in my office until my boss gives me work to do.
直到老板給我分配工作，否則我一直坐在辦公室里。

Until you came into my life, I wasn’t quite sure where I would find love.
直到你來到我的生活里，我才確定我找到了真愛。

When I was in college, I would study until I passed out at 3 or 4 in the morning.
我上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，我會(huì)熬夜學(xué)習(xí)直到在凌晨三四點(diǎn)暈睡過去。

4.WHEN
當(dāng)…時(shí)候

Can be used to indicate that two events happened simultaneously
可以用來說明兩件事同時(shí)發(fā)生。

When it started to snow, everyone started posting statuses on Facebook.
下雪的時(shí)候，每個(gè)人都在Facebook上更新狀態(tài)。

When the clock struck three, all the students immediately evacuated the classroom.
當(dāng)鐘敲三下的時(shí)候，所有的學(xué)生都立即撤出了教室。

I don’t know how to react when you yell at me like that.
你那樣對(duì)我大喊大叫的時(shí)候我不知道該怎么辦。

5.WHENEVER
無論何時(shí)

Can be used to indicate that when one event happens at any point, so does another
用來表示，無論何時(shí)某事發(fā)生，另一件事也在發(fā)生。

Whenever I try to comfort people, I somehow make things worse.
每次當(dāng)我試圖安慰別人的時(shí)候，我都會(huì)把事情變得更糟。

I hate it whenever I run into coworkers outside of work.
無論何時(shí)我在工作之外的時(shí)間遇到我的同事，我都會(huì)覺得討厭。

Whenever you start feeling anxious, just try to breathe.
每當(dāng)你感到討厭的時(shí)候，你就試著深呼吸。

6.WHILE
當(dāng)…時(shí)候

Can be used to indicate that two things happen simultaneously. It emphasizes the continuousness of an action more than the conjunction “when.”
可以用來表示兩件事情同時(shí)發(fā)生，它強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性而不是“何時(shí)”。

I often get distracted while trying to study.
我經(jīng)常在學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候分心。

It’s hard trying to take classes while also working two jobs.
工作的時(shí)候，很難上課。

While my parents were away for the weekend, my brother and I decided to throw a house party.
父母外出度周末的時(shí)候，我和哥哥決定舉辦家庭聚會(huì)。

Can also be used to switch from one idea to another
也可以用來表示從一個(gè)想法轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個(gè)想法。

While puppies are cute, they can be incredibly annoying to take care of.
雖然小狗很可愛，但是照顧他們的時(shí)候讓人感到很煩。

Neutral colors tend to go together easily, while other colors are harder to pair up well.
中性色彩很容易搭配，然而其他的顏色卻很難搭配。

7.AS
當(dāng)…時(shí)候

Can be used as an alternative to “while”
可以用作while的替代品

We can see what logistical problems come up as we move on with the project.
我們可看到，隨著項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)行，物流出現(xiàn)了問題。

As the night drew on, the crowd became noisier and noisier.
隨著夜幕的降臨，人群變得更加嘈雜和喧鬧。

My dad entered the driveway right as I called to see where he was.
當(dāng)我給爸爸打電話想看他走到哪里時(shí)，他已經(jīng)走到了車道的右邊。

Can also be used as an alternative to “since” or “because”
也可以用作“since”和“because”的替代品

You should be careful going to the gym, as your ankle is still a little weak.
你去健身房的時(shí)候應(yīng)該小心一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槟愕哪_踝還是有點(diǎn)虛弱。

Can also be used to mean something like “in the manner of.” Can be emphasized by the word “just”
也可以用來表示“以某種方式進(jìn)行”?？梢杂谩癹ust”來強(qiáng)調(diào)。

I wrote my essay with five paragraphs just as my professor told me to do in the instructions.
像教授告訴我的一樣，我的論文只有五段。

I took the dog out three times a day just as you told me to.
像你告訴我的那樣，我每天帶小狗出去三次。

Just as you requested, here’s your coffee with soy milk instead of regular milk.
想你要求的一樣，這不是普通的咖啡而是豆奶咖啡。

聲明：本雙語文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。

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