Blood is blood, right? Well, yes and no. Human blood is made of the same basic elements, but within that realm there are distinctions that account for four different blood types ——further dinstinguished by negative and positive. What makes the four types of blood groups different is their antigens — the immune defense systems — on the surface of the red blood cells.
血液就是血液，對嗎？答案既是肯定也是否定的。人類的血液由相同的基本元素組成，但是在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，有四種不同血型的區(qū)別(可進(jìn)一步分為陰性和陽性)。區(qū)分四種血型的是它們的抗原物質(zhì)——分布在紅細(xì)胞表面的免疫防御系統(tǒng)。

In 1930, a Japanese professor by the name of Tokeji Furukawa published a paper claiming that the individual blood types — A, B, AB and O — reflected the personalities of those who possessed them. Since then, blood type categorization, “ketsueki-gata,” has become firmly entrenched in Japanese culture. Much like astrological horoscopes, Japanese television and newspapers offer blood type horoscopes, and books that detail the link between blood type and personality are perpetual bestsellers. There are even matchmakers who specialize in finding future spouse based on blood types. But much like astrology, a scientific correlation between blood type and personality remains unproven.
1930年，日本一位名叫古川敬二的教授發(fā)表了一篇論文，聲稱個(gè)人血型（A、B、AB和O）反映了擁有這些血型的人的性格。從那以后，血型分類“ketsueki - gata”在日本文化中根深蒂固。和占星術(shù)占卜一樣，日本的電視和報(bào)紙也提供血型占卜術(shù)，而有關(guān)血型和性格之間的聯(lián)系的書籍則是經(jīng)久不衰的暢銷書。甚至有媒人專門從事根據(jù)血型幫人尋找未來配偶。但就像占星術(shù)一樣，血型和性格之間的科學(xué)關(guān)聯(lián)仍未得到證實(shí)。

That said, there’s been plenty of research detailing how blood types can reveal patterns of personal health — and that's fascinating in and of itself. It’s thought that different blood types may protect us from different diseases; scientists have been finding links between blood types and illness since the middle of the 20th century. With that in mind, here’s what the science has to say about your blood type. And for fun, we’ve thrown in a little ketsueki-gata as well.
即便如此，仍有大量研究表明從血型可以看出個(gè)人健康模式，這本身就很吸引人。人們認(rèn)為不同的血型可以保護(hù)我們免受不同疾病的影響。從二十世紀(jì)中期開始，科學(xué)家就一直在尋找血型和疾病之間的聯(lián)系?？紤]到這一點(diǎn)，以下是科學(xué)對你的血型的描述。為了讓內(nèi)容更有趣，我們還添加了一點(diǎn)日本血型分類的內(nèi)容。

1.If you have blood type A
如果你是A型血

Type A only has A antigens on red cells and B antibodies in the plasma; if you have type A blood, you can donate red blood cells to types A and AB.
A型血只有在紅細(xì)胞中有抗原，在血漿中有B抗體;如果你是A型血，你可以將紅細(xì)胞捐獻(xiàn)給A型和AB型血的人。

The makeup of a person’s antigens on red blood cells can determine how much of a certain hormone gets released. If you have type A blood, you're more likely to have higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol in your body, according the National Institutes of Health. There are a number of health risks that are associated with type A blood, such as a 20 percent higher chance of developing stomach cancer compared to types O and B, and a 5 percent increased risk for heart disease compared to those with type O.
一個(gè)人的抗原在血紅細(xì)胞上的組成可以決定某種激素的釋放量多少。美國國家衛(wèi)生研究院的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，如果你是A型血，那么你體內(nèi)的壓力荷爾蒙皮質(zhì)醇水平就會(huì)更高。有許多與A型血相關(guān)的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，例如與O型和B型相比較，A型血患胃癌的幾率增加了20%，與O型相比，患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了5%。

In addition, if you have type A blood, you are at higher risk for several types of cancer, such as some forms of pancreatic cancer and leukemia. Ironically, those with type A also have been found to be less magnetic to mosquitoes — so there's reason to rejoice!
此外，如果你是A型血，那么你患多種癌癥的幾率就會(huì)更高，例如某些類型的胰腺癌和白血病。

According to ketsueki-gata, if you have blood type A, you have some great traits. You are earnest, creative, sensible, reserved, patient and responsible (even if you are also stubborn and tense).
根據(jù)“日本血型分類說”，如果你是A型血，你有一些很好的性格特點(diǎn)。你認(rèn)真、有創(chuàng)造力、理智、有耐心、責(zé)任感強(qiáng) (雖然你同時(shí)也較固執(zhí)，容易緊張)。

2.If you have blood type B
如果你是B型血

If you have type B blood, you only have the B antigens on red cells and A antibodies in the plasma; you can donate red blood cells to those with types B and AB blood.
如果你是B型血，你只在紅細(xì)胞上有B抗原，在血漿中有A抗體；你可以將紅細(xì)胞捐獻(xiàn)給B型和AB型血的人。

Those with type B have an 11 percent increase in risk of heart disease over those with type O. A study at Harvard University found that women with AB or B blood have a raised risk of developing ovarian cancer, but if you have type B, it’s not all bad news. Those with type B blood have up to 50,000 times the number of strains of friendly bacteria than people with either type A or O blood, which means all kinds of good things.
B型血的人患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對O型血來說增加11% 。哈佛大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，AB或B型血的女性患卵巢癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高。但B型血不全是壞消息。B型血的人比A型或O型血的人要多高達(dá)5萬倍的有益細(xì)菌菌株，它們對健康非常有益。

And in terms of ketsueki-gata? You can be proud of your passion, active nature, creativity and strength. On the other hand, you’re also selfish, irresponsible, unforgiving and erratic.
“日本血型分類說”怎么看？你會(huì)為你的天性感到驕傲——熱情，積極，富有創(chuàng)造力，充滿力量。另一方面，你也同樣自私，不負(fù)責(zé)任，愛記仇，情緒多變。

3.If you have blood type AB
如果你是AB型血

Those with AB blood have both A and B antigens on red cells, but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma. If you have AB positive blood, you are universal plasma donor.
AB型血的人紅細(xì)胞上有A、B抗原，但他們的血漿中沒有A、B抗體。如果你有AB陽性血液，那么你就是通用血漿供體。

People with type AB have been found to have a 23 percent increased risk of heart disease over those with type O blood. Having AB blood may double the liklihood that a pregnant mother will suffer from the blood pressure condition called pre-eclampsia.
研究表明，AB型血的人患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了23%。AB型血的孕婦患子癇前期（表現(xiàn)為高血壓）的可能性增加一倍。

One intriguing blood type study published in the journal Neurology found that those with type AB blood were 82 percent more likely to have cognitive difficulties — specifically in areas like memory recall, language and attention — than people with other blood types. The researchers suspect that the clotting protein known as coagulation factor VIII is to blame. “Since factor VIII levels are closely linked to blood type, this may be one causal connection between blood type and cognitive impairment,” said study author Mary Cushman.
發(fā)表于《神經(jīng)學(xué)》期刊上的一項(xiàng)血型研究十分有趣。研究表明AB型血的人遇到認(rèn)知障礙的幾率比其他血型的人高出82%，尤其是在記憶回憶、語言和注意力等方面。研究人員懷疑一種名為凝血因子VIII的凝血蛋白是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。研究?bào)告的作者瑪麗·庫什曼說:“因子VIII與血型密切相關(guān)，這一點(diǎn)可能解釋了血型和認(rèn)知障礙之間的因果關(guān)系。”

When it comes to ketsueki-gata, if you have type AB blood you're cool, controlled, rational and adaptable … and critical, indecisive, forgetful and irresponsible.
根據(jù)“日本血型分類說”，如果你是AB型血，你個(gè)性很酷，為人克制、理性，適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)……同時(shí)，你也比較挑剔，優(yōu)柔寡斷，健忘，責(zé)任感較弱。

4.If you have blood type O
如果你是O型血

If you fall into the O blood group, you have neither A nor B antigens on your red cells, but both A and B antibodies in your plasma. O positive is the most common blood type; O negative is the universal donor type, meaning those with this blood type can donate red blood cells to anybody.[
cn]如果你恰巧是O型血，你的紅細(xì)胞中沒有A、B抗原，但你的血漿中有A、B抗體。O陽性是最常見的血型；O陰性是通用的供體類型，這意味著有這種血型的人可以將紅細(xì)胞捐獻(xiàn)給任何人。[/cn]

For those with type O, it’s a mixed bag. If you have type O, you are more likely to get ulcers — and believe it or not, to rupture your Achilles tendons. You are also at higher risk of cholera. The good news is that people with type O blood are at a lower risk for pancreatic cancer and face a lower risk of dying from malaria than people with other blood groups; that said, if you have type O, you are twice as likely to be a mosquito magnet than those with type A blood.
對于O型的人來說，情況比較復(fù)雜。O型血患潰瘍的幾率更大——不管你信不信，你的跟腱更易斷裂。同時(shí)，你患霍亂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也更高。好消息是，O型血的人患胰腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低；相比其它血型，O型血死于瘧疾的幾率更小。但如果你是O型血，你對蚊子的吸引力會(huì)是A型血的兩倍。

If you have type O blood, ketsueki-gata suggests that you are confident, self-determined, strong-willed and intuitive; unfortunately, you are also self-centered, cold, unpredictable and potentially a workaholic.
根據(jù)“日本血型分類說”，如果你是O型血，你自信，自主性強(qiáng)，意志堅(jiān)定，直覺很準(zhǔn)；然而你常常以自我為中心，生性冷漠，性情變化無常，而且你很有可能是個(gè)工作狂。

Do you know what your blood type is? Does any of this ring true to you?
你知道自己是什么血型嗎？這些解釋符合你的特征嗎？

聲明：本雙語文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。