我經(jīng)常聽說，那些說著英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)大，即英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)者經(jīng)常會(huì)犯五個(gè)語(yǔ)法上的錯(cuò)誤。英語(yǔ)確實(shí)是一門難以掌握的語(yǔ)言。下面是針對(duì)英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)者給出的5個(gè)語(yǔ)法小建議。
1.Me and Tim, Tim and I
Wrong: Me and Tim are going to a movie tonight.
錯(cuò)誤：我和蒂姆今晚要去看電影。
Right: Tim and I are going to a movie tonight.
正確：蒂姆和我今晚要去看電影。
Why?
為什么？
If you take Tim out of the sentence, "you" are the subject. You are going to a movie. When you're going to a movie, what do you say?
如果將Tim從句子中去掉，那么就是“你”要去看電影。當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備去看電影時(shí)，你會(huì)怎么說？
"I am going to a movie."
我要去看電影。
You wouldn't say, "Me am going to a movie."
你不會(huì)說，Me am going to a movie。
When you add Tim, the sentence construction remains the same. You're simply adding Tim, and it's correct to say the other person's name first.
當(dāng)你加上Tim，句子結(jié)構(gòu)也還是一樣的。你只是多加了Tim一個(gè)人而已，將對(duì)方的名字放在前面是正確的。
"Tim and I are going to a movie."
蒂姆和我今晚要去看電影。
Your test is always to take the other person out of the sentence, decide on "I" or "me," and then put the other person back in.
你只要將另一個(gè)人先從句子中去除，決定是用是I還是me，然后將之前的人加入即可。
2.We Was, We Were
"Am, are, was, and were" are all parts of the powerful little verb, "to be."
Am, are, was, and were都屬于簡(jiǎn)短但大有作用的be動(dòng)詞。
What trips people up with this mighty little verb is present tense and past tense. If something is happening now, it's present tense. If it already happened, it's past tense.
面對(duì)這類簡(jiǎn)短而有作用的動(dòng)詞，到底是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)還是過去時(shí)會(huì)使人們犯難。如果表示的是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事，就用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如果事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，就用過去時(shí)。
Singular and plural also becomes a problem. Compare the following:
單復(fù)數(shù)也是一個(gè)問題。比較下面的句子：
We (Tim and I) "are" going to a movie. (present tense, plural)
我們（蒂姆和我）要去看電影。（現(xiàn)在時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)）
I "am" going to a movie. (present tense, singular)
我要去看電影。（現(xiàn)在時(shí)，單數(shù)）
We (Tim and I) "were" going to a movie. (past tense, plural)
我們（蒂姆和我）曾經(jīng)去看過電影。（過去式，復(fù)數(shù)）
I "was" going to a movie. (past tense, singular)
我那時(shí)準(zhǔn)備去看電影。（過去時(shí)，單數(shù)）
Can you hear the difference?
你能看出它們的不同嗎？
It is never correct to say, "We was..."
We was的說法是錯(cuò)誤的。
Why? Because we is plural. We always "were"...
為什么？因?yàn)閣e是復(fù)數(shù)形式的，后面應(yīng)該接were。
Variation on this problem:
觀察這類問題的變化：
I see. I saw. I have seen.
（正確）
Never: I seen.
（錯(cuò)誤）
3.Had Ran, Had Run
I heard this on the scanner in the newsroom one day: "He had ran into the woods by the time I got there."
有一天，我在新聞編輯室的掃描儀上看到一句話：“我一到那兒，他就鉆進(jìn)了森林?！?/div>
Wrong.
錯(cuò)誤
正確:
"He had run into the woods by the time I got there."
This is a problem of not understanding the perfect tense.
這是對(duì)完成時(shí)態(tài)的誤解。
It's confusing, no doubt.
無疑，完成時(shí)態(tài)確實(shí)會(huì)讓人摸不著頭腦。
4.She Don't, She Done
This is a problem of conjugating the verb, "to do."
這是動(dòng)詞不定式to do用法的錯(cuò)誤。
Wrong: She don't know what she's talking about. (You wouldn't say, "She do not know...")
錯(cuò)誤：她不知道自己在說什么。(不能說She do not know)
Right: She doesn't know what she's talking about. (She does not know...)
正確：她不知道自己在說什么。（She does not know）
Wrong: Everyone knows she done it. ("Done" is not the past tense of did.)
錯(cuò)誤：每個(gè)人都知道她的所作所為。（done不是did的過去式）
Right: Everyone knows she did it.
正確：每個(gè)人都知道她的所作所為。
5.It's Broke, It's Broken
We're not talking finances here. Well, fixing whatever is broken might involve finances, but that's another matter altogether.
我們并不是在這里討論費(fèi)用的問題。將毀壞的東西修好確實(shí)需要金錢，但這是題外話。
I hear people say, "It's broke," when they mean, "It's broken."
我發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人們想表達(dá)某物壞掉的意思時(shí)，他們會(huì)說“It’s broke.”
This problem has to do with the part of speech called past participles. Listen:
這個(gè)問題就涉及到就是過去分詞的詞性問題。請(qǐng)聽以下表達(dá)：
It breaks.
它壞了。
It broke.
(過去時(shí))
It has broken. 或: It is broken.它已經(jīng)壞了。
錯(cuò)誤: It is broke.
聲明：本雙語(yǔ)文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。
