? 把以- ible和- able結(jié)尾的形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為復(fù)數(shù)名詞是人們長期使用英語的一個習(xí)慣,它可以追溯到14世紀(jì)初,這些詞的使用跨越了食物、時尚和金融等多種范圍類別。這里有30多個這種語言使用的例子。

1.Deplorables
可嘆,可悲

2.Untouchables
賤民;被遺棄的人

In traditional Indian culture, the untouchables were members of the lowest caste, or outside the system altogether, contact with whom was considered defiling. The term became illegal, however, in India in 1949, Pakistan in 1953.
在傳統(tǒng)的印度文化中,賤民是最低種姓的成員,或者是完全脫離制度,與被認(rèn)為是污穢的人接觸的人。然而,這個詞在1949年的印度和1953年的巴基斯坦是非法的。

3.Edibles
可食物;食用品

Evidenced since 1661, an edible is a food item, though more recently referring to edible cannabis products.
盡管edibles近來指可食用的大麻產(chǎn)品,但是從1661年起,edibles就已經(jīng)指一種食物了。

4.Vegetables
蔬菜;菜類

In the early 1400s, vegetable described an organism that vegetated, or could grow like a plant. Since at least the early 1700s, though, we’ve been using vegetable primarily as a noun for the produce we all ought to be eating more of. Of persons, a vegetable was first a dull, inactive person (1641) long before disparaging someone with brain damage.
在14世紀(jì)初,蔬菜是指一種有機(jī)體可以被蔬菜化或者可以像植物一樣生長。不過,至少從18世紀(jì)初開始,我們一直用蔬菜作為一個名詞,它是指我們應(yīng)該多食用的一種產(chǎn)品。對人來說,vegetable首先是指遲鈍的、不愛運(yùn)動的人(1641年),后來這個詞用來貶損有腦損傷的人。

5.Drinkables
飲料

Drinkables, attested in 1708, are the natural counterpart to edibles. Potables, however, is an older form, found in the 1620s. Both terms especially refer to liquor.
在1708年,經(jīng)測試飲料是可食用的天然食品。然而,potables是一種更古老的表示飲料的形式,在1620年代被發(fā)現(xiàn)。這兩種術(shù)語都是指酒。

6.Perishables
易腐物品

Perishables have named foodstuffs that will go bad, since the 1740s.
自17世紀(jì)40年代起perishables是根據(jù)易變壞的食物進(jìn)行命名的。

7.Recyclables
可再循環(huán)的東西;回收物品分類集放箱

We’ve been sorting our recyclables since 1970, unlike disposables, kitchenwares and other products designed for single-use.
自1970年以來,與一次性物品、廚具和其他產(chǎn)品不同,我們一直在對可回收物品進(jìn)行分類。

8.Valuables
貴重物品

We’ve been minding our valuables, or small personal property of some worth and import, since the early 1700s, around the same time as portables, personal belongings repurposed more recently for electronic devices like laptops.
最近的一些個人物品也被用來指筆記本電腦等電子設(shè)備。我們一直很在意貴重物品,小型值錢財產(chǎn)以及進(jìn)口物品。自18世紀(jì)早期,幾乎與便攜電腦同期。

9.Collectibles
收藏品;收藏物

We’ve been seeking out rare, unusual, and interesting collectibles since at least the 1950s.
至少從20世紀(jì)50年代開始,我們一直在尋找罕見的、不同尋常的、有趣的收藏品。

10.Convertibles
活動折疊車篷

And we’ve been putting the roof down on convertibles, since 1916.
從1916年起,我們一直在車子頂部安裝活動折疊車篷。

11.Unmentionables
不宜說出的事物

This euphemism for ‘underpants’, especially ladies, was originally a substitute for ‘breeches’ or ‘trousers’ in the 1790s. Other humorous ‘trousers’ euphemism included inexpressibles, ineffables, and inexplicables, all exaggerating a taboo of undergarments – sorry, unmentionables.
不宜說出的事物是內(nèi)衣褲的委婉的說法,尤其是女士內(nèi)衣褲。18世紀(jì)90年代,unmentionables首先是作為 ‘breeches’ 和 ‘trousers’的代替說法而出現(xiàn)的?!畉rousers’有趣的委婉語還包括 inexpressibles, ineefectables和inexplicables,這些都是對談?wù)搩?nèi)衣這種禁忌的夸大說法 – 對不起,這是不宜說出的事物。

12.Washables
需要洗的衣物

Since the 1950s, we’ve been tossing our washables in the washing machine, unharmed as they are by the technology.
自從20世紀(jì)50年代,因為洗衣機(jī)這種技術(shù)沒有害處,我們就一直用洗衣機(jī)來洗衣物。

13.Wearables
衣服;服裝

First referring to an article of clothing in the early 1700s, wearables now describe technology you can wear, such as smart watches or fitness trackers.
18世紀(jì)早期,wearables 是指一件衣服,現(xiàn)在wearables是指科技設(shè)備,比如智能手表和健身追蹤器。

14.Changeables
易變的民族

Back in the mid-1500s, fabric whose color changed in different lights or angles were called changeables, though the term later named fickle folk.
盡管后來changeables被命名為易變的民族,但是早在15世紀(jì)中期,織物的顏色在不同的光線或角度上會發(fā)生變化,這被稱為易變的。

15.Fashionables
時尚人物

In the 1800s, people who kept up with the latest trends were called fashionables.
在19世紀(jì),那些緊跟最新趨勢的人被稱為時尚人物。

16.Indispensables
必不可少的人(或物)

Indispensables doubled as a type of small ladies’ satchel in the 1800s.
在19世紀(jì),indispensables是指一種小型的女士的書包。

17.Horribles
令人害怕的人或者事

In 1540, horribles were used to denote someone or something causing great fear.
在1540年,horribles被用來指引起了極大的恐懼人或事物。

18.Terribles
可怕的人或者事物

Similarly, terribles, dating from 1606, referred to someone or something, usually death, inspiring great dread.
同樣的,terribles可以追溯至1606,這個詞通常指已故的人或者物,它能引起巨大的恐懼。

19.Respectables
可尊敬的人;體面人

In 1770, respectables were people considered worthy of esteem.
在1770年,respectablea是指值得尊敬的人。

20.Marriageables
適齡結(jié)婚的人

And from 1813, first used in a letter from Lord Byron, marriageables were people suitable or desirable for matrimony.
從1813年開始,這個詞在拜倫勛爵的信中首次使用,用來指那些適合或者渴望結(jié)婚的人。

21.Reliables
可靠的人

Around 1863, a dependable thing, animal, or person, often used in the nickname ‘Old Reliable’ in the US.
在1863年前后,一個可靠的東西,動物或人,在美國經(jīng)常被稱為“老可靠”。

22.Agreeables
令人舒適的人或者是物

Since the 1670s, agreeables have been pleasant things or people, in contrast to disagreeables (1780s).
與disagreeables不同,自從17世紀(jì)70年代開始,agreeables指令人愉快的人或者是物。

23.Incurables
無可救藥的人或者物

And since 1652, incurables have outcasted people suffering from incurable diseases.
從1652年開始,incurables已經(jīng)不包括那些飽受不治之癥之苦的人了。

24.Movables
動產(chǎn);可移動的東西

One of the earliest instances of a pluralized -able is movables, dated to 1428 as a legal term for personal property, which can be moved, as opposed to fixed property like land or houses.
Movables 是最早出現(xiàn)以-able作為后綴加上復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的名詞。追溯至1428年,moveable是形容個人財產(chǎn)的法律術(shù)語,與房屋,土地這些固定財產(chǎn)不同,movable是指動產(chǎn)。

25.Fungibles
(償還債務(wù)時所用的)替代物(金錢、谷物等)

These are another legal term for goods that are fungible, that is, replaceable, like one pound or kilogram of wheat is interchangeable with another.
這是另一種可以替代的商品的法定術(shù)語,即可替代的,如一磅或一公斤的小麥?zhǔn)强梢曰Q的。

26.Redeemables
可贖回物

In contrast to irredeemables, redeemables are securities, properties, or stocks that be recovered or repurchased.
與irredeemables相比,redeemables是指被回收或重新購買的證券、財產(chǎn)或股票。

27.Deliverables
可交付成果;可交付物

Going back to the 1940s, deliverables are goods or services that a business can provide, such as a report, product, or training programme.
追溯至20世紀(jì)40年代,可交付產(chǎn)品是企業(yè)可以提供的商品或服務(wù),如報告、產(chǎn)品或培訓(xùn)計劃。

28.Payables
應(yīng)付款

Payables include money that a business owes, e.g., debt, payroll, or taxes.
應(yīng)付款項包括企業(yè)欠下的錢,例如,債務(wù),工資,或稅收。

29.Deductibles
[保險] 免賠額;自付額

Familiar to North American English speakers since the 1920s, an insured person must pay a deductible before the insurer covers the rest of the claim.
自從20世紀(jì)20年代以來,與北美英語使用者相似,保險人必須在保險公司覆蓋其余部分之前支付一筆免賠額。

30.Unquestionables
毫無疑問的事情

Life’s great truths have been dubbed unquestionables, while life’s great mysteries have eluded comprehension as imponderables (1855) and unthinkables (1871).
生活中偉大的真理是無需質(zhì)疑的,而生命的偉大的秘密卻在于無法理解 (1855)和不可想象 (1871年)。

聲明:本雙語文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容,轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個人觀點(diǎn),僅供參考。如有不妥之處,歡迎指正。