Most English learning boils down to the question of how to speak English. There are other goals as well, but learning how to speak English will help you communicate with others, and lead to better test scores on the TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, Cambridge and other exams. In order to know how to speak English, you need to have a plan. This guide on how to speak English provides an outline that you can follow to learn to speak English.
絕大多數(shù)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題可以歸結(jié)為怎樣說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。雖然也不乏其他的目標(biāo),但是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)可以幫助你和他人進(jìn)行交流,并在托福、托業(yè)、雅思。劍橋和其他考試中取得更好的成績(jī)。為了了解怎樣說(shuō)好英語(yǔ),你需要制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃。下面這個(gè)關(guān)于英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的指南為你提供了一份大綱,你可以按照其中的指導(dǎo)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。

If you already speak English, this guide will help you more quickly improve your English speaking skills.
如果你已經(jīng)會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了,該指南會(huì)幫助你更快地改善英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)技巧。

Here's How
方法

1.Discover Which Type Of English Learner You Are
弄清自己是哪種類型的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者

When learning how to speak English you first need to find out what type of English learner you are. Ask yourself questions such as Why do I want to speak English? Do I need to speak English for my job? Do I want to speak English for travel and hobbies, or do I have something more serious in mind?
在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)時(shí),你首先需要弄清自己屬于哪種類型的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者。問(wèn)你自己一些問(wèn)題,例如“我為什么想學(xué)英語(yǔ)?”“我需要為了工作學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)嗎?”“我是為了旅游或愛(ài)好學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)嗎?”或者“我是不是有一些更嚴(yán)肅的想法呢?”

2.Understand Your Goals
明確你的目標(biāo)

Once you know what type of English learner you are, you can begin to better understand your goals. Once you know your goals, you'll better understand what you need to do to speak English well. This is similar to understanding what type learner you are. Write down a list of the things you would like to do with your English.
一旦你弄清了自己是什么類型的學(xué)習(xí)者,你可以開始更好地了解你的目標(biāo)。一旦你明確了自己的目標(biāo),你會(huì)更清楚地知道樣做才能把英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得更好。這跟了解自己的學(xué)習(xí)類型相似。列出一張清單,寫明你都要英語(yǔ)來(lái)做什么。

Would you like to speak English fluently in two years? Would you like to have enough English to travel and order food in a restaurant? Understanding exactly what you want to do with English will help you learn how to speak English because you will work towards your goals.
你想要在兩年內(nèi)說(shuō)一口流利的英語(yǔ)?你想掌握足夠的英語(yǔ)能力去旅行或者點(diǎn)餐?明確你到底想用英語(yǔ)做什么可以幫助你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ),因?yàn)槟憧梢猿约旱哪繕?biāo)前進(jìn)。

3.Find Out Your Level
認(rèn)清自己的水平

Before you begin to learn how to speak English, you'll need to know where to begin.Taking a level test can help you understand what level you are at and then you can start using resources appropriate for your level in order to learn how to speak English well. Of course, you'll not only learn how to speak English, but also how to read, write and use English in a variety of settings. These quizzes will help you find your level. Start with the beginning level test and then move on. Stop when you get less than 60% and begin at that level.
在學(xué)英語(yǔ)之前,你應(yīng)該了解從哪里開始著手。 做一個(gè)水平測(cè)試可以幫助你知道自己的水平,然后你就可以使用適合自己的資源學(xué)習(xí)更好地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)然,你不僅僅要學(xué)如何說(shuō)英語(yǔ),你還要學(xué)習(xí)在不同場(chǎng)合下閱讀、寫作和使用英語(yǔ)。這些測(cè)試可以幫助你認(rèn)清自己的水平。從初級(jí)測(cè)試開始,一步步遞進(jìn),直到得分低于總分的60%,你就可以從該階段學(xué)起。

4.Decide On Learning Strategy
確定學(xué)習(xí)策略

Now that you understand your English learning goals, style and level it's time to decide on an English learning strategy. The simple answer to the question of how to speak English is that you need to speak it as often as possible. Of course, it's more difficult than that. Start off by deciding which type of learning strategy you will take. Do you want to study alone? Do you want to take a class? How much time do you have to dedicate to English study? How much are you willing to pay to learn to speak English? Answer these questions and you will understand your strategy.
既然你已經(jīng)明白了自己的目標(biāo)、學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格和水平,那么就可以開始決定學(xué)習(xí)策略了。要回答如何學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ),最簡(jiǎn)明的答案就是盡可能多開口,當(dāng)然,說(shuō)起來(lái)容易做起來(lái)難。你可以先從確定要采用哪種學(xué)習(xí)策略開始。你是想自學(xué)嗎?還是參加培訓(xùn)班呢?你能將多少時(shí)間花在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)上?愿意花多少錢學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)?回答這些問(wèn)題,你就會(huì)明白自己的策略。

5.Put Together A Plan For Learning Grammar
為學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法制定計(jì)劃

If you want to know how to speak English, you'll also have to know how to use English grammar. Here are my five top tips on how to speak English with good grammar.
如果你想學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ),就得學(xué)會(huì)語(yǔ)法的使用規(guī)則。下面是五個(gè)建議,可以幫助你靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法來(lái)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。

Learn grammar from context. Do exercises that have you identify tenses and from within a short reading or listening selection.
通過(guò)聯(lián)系上下文來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法。用短篇閱讀或聽(tīng)力節(jié)選來(lái)幫助你分析時(shí)態(tài)。

When learning how to speak English you need to use your muscles. Read your grammar exercises aloud which will help you learn to use correct grammar when speaking.
學(xué)習(xí)講英語(yǔ)時(shí),你需要用上你的肌肉。大聲朗讀語(yǔ)法練習(xí)可以讓你在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)不犯語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。

Don't do too much grammar! Understanding grammar doesn't mean you speak. Balance grammar with other English learning tasks.
不要做太多的語(yǔ)法練習(xí)!理解了語(yǔ)法并不意味著你就能開口說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。要在語(yǔ)法練習(xí)和其他練習(xí)中找到平衡。

Do ten minutes of grammar each day. It's better to only do a little every day than a lot once a week.
每天花十分鐘的時(shí)間練習(xí)語(yǔ)法。每天做一點(diǎn)要比一周做一堆的效果更好。

6.Put Together A Plan For Learning Speaking Skills
為學(xué)習(xí)口語(yǔ)制定計(jì)劃

If you want to know how to speak English, you'll have to have a plan for speaking English every day.
如果你想知道怎樣才能練好英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ),你就得制定一個(gè)每天練口語(yǔ)的計(jì)劃。

Here are my top five tips to make sure you speak - not just study - English every day.
這里有5條建議,它們能讓你每天都開口說(shuō)英語(yǔ),而不只是紙上談兵。

Do all exercises using your voice. Grammar exercises, reading exercises, everything should be read aloud.
讀出你的所有習(xí)題,無(wú)論是語(yǔ)法題還是閱讀題,把所有的內(nèi)容都大聲讀出來(lái)。

Speak to yourself. Don't worry about someone hearing you. Speak out loud in English to yourself often.
對(duì)著自己對(duì)話。別在意別人聽(tīng)到你的聲音,對(duì)著自己大聲讀英語(yǔ)。

7.Choose a topic each day and speak for one minute about that topic.
每天選一個(gè)話題,說(shuō)一分鐘。

Use online exercises and speak in English using Skype or other programs.
使用Skype或者其他程序練習(xí)口語(yǔ),并做做在線練習(xí)。

Make lots of mistakes! Don't worry about mistakes, make many and make them often.
多犯錯(cuò)誤!別擔(dān)心自己會(huì)犯錯(cuò),多犯錯(cuò),常犯錯(cuò)。

8.Put Together A Plan For Learning Vocabulary
為學(xué)習(xí)詞匯制定計(jì)劃

To make sure you know how to speak English about a wide range of topics you'll need plenty of vocabulary. Here are some suggestions and resources to get you started.
要想用英語(yǔ)談?wù)摳鞣N話題,你的詞匯量要廣。下面是一些建議和資源來(lái)幫助你著手學(xué)習(xí)。

Make vocabulary trees.
Vocabulary trees and other fun exercises can help you group vocabulary together for faster learning.
繪制詞匯樹形圖。詞匯樹形圖和其他有趣的練習(xí)可以幫助你對(duì)詞匯分類,以快速學(xué)習(xí)。

Keep track of new vocabulary you've learned in a folder.
把新學(xué)的詞匯放進(jìn)文件夾。

Use visual dictionaries to help you learn more vocabulary faster.
用詞典可以更快地學(xué)習(xí)更多詞匯。

Choose to learn vocabulary about subjects you like. There's no need to study vocabulary that doesn't interest you.
選擇與你感興趣的主題相關(guān)的詞匯。你不需要學(xué)習(xí)你不感興趣的詞匯。

Study a little bit of vocabulary every day. Try to learn just two or three new words / expressions every day.
每天學(xué)一點(diǎn)單詞。試著每天只學(xué)兩到三個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)。

9.Put Together A Plan For Learning Reading / Writing
為閱讀/寫作制定計(jì)劃

If you want to learn how to speak English, you may not be too concerned with reading and writing. Still, it's a good idea to learn how to read and write in English, as well as learn how to speak English.
如果你想練好英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ),你就不必過(guò)多關(guān)注閱讀與寫作。但是,在學(xué)習(xí)口語(yǔ)的同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)閱讀與寫作也是一個(gè)好主意。

Remember to use your own native language reading skills. You don't need to understand every single word.
記住使用母語(yǔ)的閱讀技巧。你不需要了解每一個(gè)詞的意思。

Practice writing short texts on blogs or for comments at popular English learning web sites. People expect errors at these sites and you'll feel very welcome.
在博客上寫短文或者在熱門的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站上寫評(píng)論。人們喜歡在這些網(wǎng)站上糾錯(cuò),而你會(huì)覺(jué)得自己很受歡迎。

Read for pleasure in English. Choose a subject you like and read about it.
為樂(lè)趣而閱讀。選擇一個(gè)你喜歡的話題并進(jìn)行閱讀。

Don't translate directly from your own language when writing. Keep it simple.
寫作的時(shí)候,不要從母語(yǔ)直接翻譯過(guò)來(lái),寫作語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)潔。

10.Put Together A Plan For Learning Pronunciation
為學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)音制定計(jì)劃

Learning how to speak English also means learning how to pronounce English.
學(xué)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)也就意味著要學(xué)習(xí)怎樣發(fā)音。

Learn about the music of English and how it can help with English pronunciation skills.
學(xué)著唱英文歌,學(xué)著用音樂(lè)提高你的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音水平。

Find out about typical pronunciation mistakes people speaking your native tongue make.
找出和你母語(yǔ)一樣的人常犯的典型發(fā)音錯(cuò)誤。

Consider using a pronunciation program to help you learn better pronunciation through practice.
使用口語(yǔ)應(yīng)用幫你通過(guò)練習(xí)更好地掌握英語(yǔ)發(fā)音。

Get a dictionary that has good phonetic transcriptions to help you understand the sounds of English.
使用帶有優(yōu)秀標(biāo)音法的字典來(lái)幫助你了解英語(yǔ)讀音。

Use your mouth! Speak out loud every day the more you practice the better your pronunciation will become.
開口說(shuō)出來(lái)!每天都要大聲說(shuō),練得越多,你的發(fā)音就越好。

11.Create Opportunities To Speak English
創(chuàng)造講英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)

Using English as often as possible is the key to learning how to speak English well. Join English learning communities online such as iTalki to practice speaking English with others with Skype. Join local clubs that focus on speaking English, speak to tourists and give them a helping hand. If you have friends who are learning to speak English, set aside 30 minutes every day to speak English together. Be creative and create as many opportunities as possible to speak English.
盡可能多地使用英語(yǔ)是練好英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵,你可以加入在線的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)社區(qū),從而鍛煉英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。你也可以加入當(dāng)?shù)氐挠⒄Z(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部,與游客們交流,向旅客提供幫助。如果你有一個(gè)在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的朋友,每天可以抽出半個(gè)小時(shí)一起說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。要盡可能多創(chuàng)造說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。

Tips
建議:

1. Be patient with yourself. It takes a while to learn how to speak English well. Remember to give yourself time and treat yourself well.
對(duì)自己要有耐心。說(shuō)好英語(yǔ)是需要時(shí)間的。記住要給自己時(shí)間,并獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己。

2. Do everything everyday, but only do ten to fifteen minutes of the more boring tasks. If you want to improve listening skills, just listen to the radio fifteen minutes rather than an hour. Do ten minutes of grammar exercises. Never do too much English. It's better to do just a little bit every day rather than a lot only twice a week.
堅(jiān)持每天學(xué)習(xí),但是對(duì)枯燥的任務(wù)只要抽出10到15分鐘即可。如果你要提高聽(tīng)力水平,每天只要聽(tīng)15分鐘而不是一個(gè)小時(shí)的廣播。做十分鐘語(yǔ)法練習(xí)。不必學(xué)得太多。每天學(xué)一點(diǎn)比兩周一次性學(xué)一堆的效果好。

3. Make mistakes, make more mistakes and continue to make mistakes. The only way you will learn is by making mistakes, feel free to make them and make them often.
犯錯(cuò),多犯錯(cuò),并繼續(xù)犯錯(cuò)。犯錯(cuò)誤是唯一能讓你學(xué)會(huì)的方式。

4. Learn how to speak English about the things you like doing. If you enjoy speaking about the topic, it will be much easier for you to learn how to speak English well in a shorter amount of time.
學(xué)習(xí)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)你喜歡做的事。如果你喜歡談?wù)撨@個(gè)話題,只需要很短的時(shí)間你就能學(xué)會(huì)如何用英語(yǔ)談?wù)撍?/div>

What You Need
你需要什么

Patience
耐心

Time
時(shí)間

Willingness to make mistakes
愿意犯錯(cuò)誤

Friends who can speak English with you
能用英語(yǔ)和你交談的朋友

Books or internet resources in English
英語(yǔ)書籍和網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源

聲明:本雙語(yǔ)文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容,轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn),僅供參考。如有不妥之處,歡迎指正。