從零開(kāi)始學(xué)語(yǔ)法:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征
1. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成,因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:
The train has arrived. 火車(chē)到了。
Have you joined the computer group? 你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫,不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用(只限肯定句)。如:
(1) 他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2) 他來(lái)這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不能與表示“時(shí)間段”的狀語(yǔ)連用。那么,應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢?可以采用下面的四種方法:
a. 將句中非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
b. 將句中表示“時(shí)間段”的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。
c. 用句型"It is+段時(shí)間+since..."表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。
d. 用句型"時(shí)間+has passed+since..."表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。
3. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中,成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因而可與表示“時(shí)間段”的狀語(yǔ)連用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986. 從1986年以來(lái)他就沒(méi)離開(kāi)過(guò)這里。
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 我已經(jīng)兩周沒(méi)收到我父親的來(lái)信了。
4. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用,構(gòu)成"not+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till..."的句型,意為“直到……才……”。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能離開(kāi)這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我畫(huà)完畫(huà),我才去睡覺(jué)。
5. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。
因?yàn)閣hen表示的時(shí)間可以是“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞),也可以是“時(shí)間段”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞);而while表示的是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或過(guò)程,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.(reach為終止性動(dòng)詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))
6. 終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與how long連用(只限于肯定句)。如:
誤:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
從零開(kāi)始學(xué)語(yǔ)法:延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征>>
- 相關(guān)熱點(diǎn):
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- 英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)
- 英語(yǔ)詞性講解
- 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
- 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)查分