一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的概念

英語中,動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長短,可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。

二、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征

1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示“時(shí)間段”的狀語連用。

表示時(shí)間段的短語有:for+一段時(shí)間(eg: for two years), since從句(eg: since he came here), since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞(eg: since last year), during the past three years, how long, for a long time等。

例:I have learned English since I came here. 自從我來到這兒就學(xué)習(xí)英語了。

2. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”狀語連用。

如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤)rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而at eight表示“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,前后顯然矛盾。

如果要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作,可以借助come, begin, get等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來表示。上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.

又如以下這段對話:
-When did you get to know Jack? 你什么時(shí)候認(rèn)識(shí)Jack的?
-Two years ago. 兩年前。
-Then you've known each other for more than two years. 也就是說你們倆認(rèn)識(shí)兩年多了。
-That's right. 沒錯(cuò)。