請將下面這段話翻譯成英文:

筷子是中國傳統(tǒng)的獨(dú)具特色的進(jìn)食工具,至今已有數(shù)千年的歷史??曜釉诠糯环Q為“箸”,大約從明朝開始才有了“筷子”的稱呼。筷子多為竹子制成,也有用木頭、象牙、金屬或其他材料制作而成。它要么上方下圓,要么上下全圓而上粗下細(xì)。不管其形狀如何,筷子必須是成對(duì)使用的,并且兩只筷子的大小長短要相同??曜邮侵袊巳粘I畹谋貍涔ぞ?,它的發(fā)明充分反映了中國人民的智慧。

參考翻譯:

Chopsticks, with a history of thousands of years, areunique traditional Chinese dining utensils. Theywere called "zhu" in ancient China and the name of"Kuai Zi" began to be used in Ming Dynasty.Chopsticks are usually made of bamboo. Some aremade of wood, ivory, metals or other materials. Their upper parts are square and lower partsround, or they are all round with thicker upper parts and thinner lower parts. Whatever theirshapes are, they are used in pairs and the pair must be identical to each other. chopsticks arethe necessary dining utensils in Chinese people's daily life, the invention of which fully delaysthe intelligence of Chinese people.

詞匯講解:

1.第一句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為“筷子是進(jìn)食工具至今已有數(shù)千年的歷史”可使用插入語的形式,進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明,使用 with ahistory of...進(jìn)行翻譯。

2.第二句“筷子在古代…”中包含時(shí)間狀語“在古代”,因此句子的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為過去時(shí)。

3.在“它要么上方下圓…上粗下細(xì)”一句中,“上下”主要指的是筷子的上半部分、下半部分,使用upper part和lower part來表達(dá);“上方下圓”英譯時(shí)可以分享系動(dòng)詞are,譯作upper parts are square and lower parts round,避免重復(fù);“上下全圓”可譯作句子的主干,后跟介詞短語with thicker upper parts and thinner lower parts說明“上粗下細(xì)”的形狀。

4.“不管其形狀如何”在翻譯時(shí)使用“whatever+n.(their shapes)+be動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu),相當(dāng)于狀語從句nomatter what their shapes are;“大小長短要相同”沒有直譯成 be of the same size and height,而譯為be identical to each other,后者的譯法更加優(yōu)美。

5.最后一句中“它的發(fā)明…”可使用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)前一句進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的說明。

icks?筷子

utensils?進(jìn)食工具

象牙

備考推薦:“碾壓”六級(jí)指南