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Low-Level Moral Transgressions Make Us Laugh

黑色幽默

Everyone from Freud to Tina Fey has tried to understand why some things are funny. Now, new research concludes that one key to comedy is for a situation to violate a moral standard, but in a gentle way.

不管是佛洛依德還是蒂娜·菲，所有人都想搞清楚有些事為何讓人覺得搞笑。最近，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)笑劇的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是違背道德準(zhǔn)則，當(dāng)然，只是輕微的越界。

Researchers presented volunteers with a number of different scenarios. For example, the Jimmy Dean sausage company needs a spokesman for its new line of pork products, so they hire Rabbi Shlomo Rosenfield. Or, so they hire a farmer. Participants were more likely to find the rabbi scenario wrong, but they were also more likely to think it was funny.

研究人員為自愿者提供多種不同的方案。例如，吉米·迪恩香腸公司需要為它的新推出的豬肉制品找一個(gè)代言人，于是他們聘請(qǐng)拉比·什洛莫·羅森菲爾德?；蛘撸麄兏纱嗳フ覀€(gè)農(nóng)夫。參與者們大都覺得聘請(qǐng)拉比這個(gè)方案是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，但同時(shí)他們也覺得這個(gè)方案很有意思。

The researchers found that participants would laugh at situations with moral violations if, for example, they felt that situation was hypothetical, harmless or involved people unconnected to the listener. The study appears in the journal Psychological Science.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)參與者會(huì)對(duì)那些有違背道德的方案發(fā)笑，比如說那些假設(shè)性的，無公害的或者那些沒人搭理的方案。該研究發(fā)表在《心理學(xué)》期刊上。

The finding deviates from previously published psychology studies which equate moral violation solely with disgust. It also proves that Mel Brooks was onto something when he said, “Tragedy is when I cut my finger. Comedy is when you fall down an open sewer and die.”

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與之前發(fā)表的心理學(xué)研究結(jié)果有些出入，之前結(jié)果皆是對(duì)違背道德的厭惡。此項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)還證明梅爾·布魯克斯的話也不無道理，他說，“悲劇就是我切到我手指頭。喜劇呢，就是你掉到了一個(gè)露天的陰溝里，結(jié)果就掛掉了?！?/font>

注1：佛洛伊德（856-1939，奧地利心理分析學(xué)家及精神病學(xué)家）

注2：蒂娜?菲，美國演員編劇、制作人。作品較多。1970年出生在美國賓夕法尼亞州上達(dá)比。她因參演《我為喜劇狂》被提名為2007年第59屆美國黃金時(shí)段艾美獎(jiǎng)喜劇類電視劇最佳女主角。

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