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Sylvia Amsler: ‘Chimpanzees kill one another to expand territory’

EarthSky

Chimpanzees kill other chimpanzees, according to a ten-year study conducted in a Uganda national park and released in the journal Current Biology in June, 2010. Primate behavioral ecologist Sylvia Amsler observed groups of male chimps patrolling the edges of their territory and targeting rivals for brutal killings.

2010年6月發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，黑猩猩會(huì)自相殘殺，該研究在烏干達(dá)國(guó)家公園展開，歷時(shí)十年完成。靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物行為生態(tài)學(xué)家西爾維亞?阿姆斯勒觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)雄性黑猩猩會(huì)在它們地盤邊界巡邏，還會(huì)殘忍殺害競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。

Sylvia Amsler: We’ve known for quite some time, since the 1970’s, that chimpanzees regularly go on territorial boundary patrols looking for members of other chimpanzee communities. And when they find them and are able to isolate individuals, chimpanzees kill these other chimpanzees in these very dramatic episodes of lethal, coalitionary aggression. The question has been why, from an evolutionary perspective, they’re engaging in this behavior.

西爾維亞?阿姆斯勒：早在上世紀(jì)70年代我們就知道黑猩猩會(huì)定期在自己地盤邊界巡邏，搜尋來(lái)自其他族群的黑猩猩，一旦找到它們，對(duì)它們進(jìn)行隔離后，就會(huì)用非常殘忍極端的手段將這些外來(lái)的黑猩猩殺死。我們關(guān)注的問(wèn)題是，如何用進(jìn)化論觀點(diǎn)解釋黑猩猩的這種行為的動(dòng)機(jī)。

The answer, according to the study, is to increase the chimpanzees’ territory, and therefore their access to food.

這樣研究給出的結(jié)論是：黑猩猩擴(kuò)大自己地盤后就能獲得更多的食物資源。

Sylvia Amsler: This is not an unnatural, or aberrant behavior in any way, but actually has positive reproductive consequences for the males who do it. So although it seems very brutal, from an evolutionary perspective，they and their mates and their offspring are all going to be more successful as a result of this behavior.

西爾維亞?阿姆斯勒：這算不上是反?；虍惓Ｐ袨椋瑢?shí)際上這些雄性黑猩猩大開殺戒的行為有利于其自身繁殖后代。故從進(jìn)化論觀點(diǎn)看，雖然這種行為看上去非常殘忍，但對(duì)它們的配偶及后代都是非常有利的。

Amsler said the group she studied may be more aggressive than normal, possibly because it’s a larger than average population with a high number of adult males.

阿姆斯勒說(shuō)她研究的黑猩猩群可能比普通黑猩猩群落更具侵略性，可能是因?yàn)樵撊郝渲械某赡晷坌院谛尚蓴?shù)量偏多，超過(guò)種群平均水平。

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