Before Refrigerators Were Invented, How Did People Preserve Their Food (Particularly Meat) So That It Didn't Spoil?
在發(fā)明冰箱以前，人們是如何保存食物不致腐爛（尤其是肉類）？

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獲得6.2k好評的回答@Kian Bakhtiari

All the answers have focused on fairly new and recent systems of refrigeration.
所有的回答都把注意力集中在近現(xiàn)代的保鮮系統(tǒng)上。

But in 500 BCE – The?yakhchal?(meaning "ice pit" in Persian;) an ancient Persian type of refrigerator was invented.
但是在公元前500年，古老波斯的冰箱-yakhchal（在波斯語言中意為冰坑）就已經(jīng)被發(fā)明了。

The structure was formed from a mortar resistant to heat transmission, in the shape of a dome.
它是由砂漿構(gòu)成的，以防止熱傳遞，形狀類似于圓頂。

Snow and ice was stored beneath the ground, effectively allowing access to ice even in hot months and allowing for prolonged food preservation.
雪和冰貯藏在地下，能夠使冰塊在夏季也能夠獲得，并且有效延長食物保質(zhì)期。

In Europe and other less developed nations (at the time) spices were used to preserve meat. The most popular being salt since pepper was still expensive and difficult to attain.
在歐洲以及其他少數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家（當(dāng)代）辣椒曾被用于儲藏肉類。但是鹽會更加的通用，因為辣椒較貴而且不易獲得。

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獲得2.7k好評的回答@Patrick Bendahan

1- drying (eg in the sun or via other methods ; eg bresaola, beef jerky)
1.曬干。（比如日曬或者通過其他辦法；例如牛肉干）

2- cooling (eg leaving outside the window in the cold)
2.冷卻。（例如將食物放置窗外）

3- freezing (eg burying in the snow)
3.冰凍（例如埋在雪里）

4- smoking (eg ham)
4.煙熏（例如火腿）

5- stewing (note: temperatures above 63 degrees Celsius are considered adequate for preserving food by today's standards)
5.燉（提示：溫度達(dá)到63攝氏度相當(dāng)于當(dāng)今保鮮食物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）

6- canning (eg vienna sausages)
6.罐裝（例如維也納香腸）

7- jellying (eg 'pig head' jelly)
膠凝（例如膠凝豬頭）

8- pickling (eg corned beef)
8.腌制（例如腌牛肉）

9- burying in the ground
9.埋于地下。

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（翻譯：蘇梨）