四、強(qiáng)調(diào)原則

并不是所有聽力的內(nèi)容都必須聽到的,希望聽懂并且記錄下所有東西不僅不實(shí)際而且浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。因此提醒考生們?cè)诼犃χ姓业街匾男畔⑹欠浅1匾?,往往那些聽力中的重要信息都?huì)被作者強(qiáng)調(diào)出來,因此注意這個(gè)原則可以達(dá)到意想不到的效果。

五、重復(fù)原則

當(dāng)說話中遇到某些重要信息的時(shí)候,而這些信息有可能會(huì)讓讀者誤解或者漏聽的時(shí)候,作者會(huì)將這些信息重新復(fù)述一遍,這個(gè)時(shí)候這些重復(fù)信息就應(yīng)該被重點(diǎn)注意。

如劍橋3 Test 1 Section 1

Questions 1-20

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORD for each answer

Depends on: the area

availability of 3 .................

garage

Tapescripts:

JON: What does it depend on?

JANICE: Well, obviously the quality of the area. And then whether there's a garden.

JON: Well, as I said, we'd want a garden.

JANICE: And a garage pushes up the price.

此題當(dāng)然可以通過area和garage之間的名詞來確定答案。不過更簡(jiǎn)單的方法是,由于garden在文章中被讀了兩遍,因此一定是某處的答案,這里必然是第3題。

但是如果答案僅僅只讀出來,難度略有降低,因此在考試中很有可能進(jìn)行同義詞互換。但是會(huì)有一系列相關(guān)的連接詞能夠輔助聽力,這些詞有:that is to say, in other words, namely.這個(gè)地方我們也可以稱之為叫改寫原則。

如IELTS plus Test 2 Section 2

Questions 13-20

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORD for each answer

Detector dogs? need to really 18 ................???????

Tapescripts: In order to be effective, a good detector dog must have an enormous food drive - in other words they must really love their food.

這邊的答案有個(gè)小小的陷阱,也就是前面的food drive(食物趨向性),首先這個(gè)詞語有可能不會(huì)寫,另外這個(gè)詞語的詞性并不對(duì)(名詞),因此這個(gè)題目有可能會(huì)聽漏掉,但是根據(jù)后面提到的這個(gè)詞(in other words)就可以較容易聽到答案。

當(dāng)然有的時(shí)候會(huì)由于前面說錯(cuò)而通過修正的方式來給出答案,這種情況比較容易把握。這個(gè)時(shí)候往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)否定詞。這邊是修正原則。

如劍橋5 Test 3 Section 1

Questions 1-10

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORD for each answer

Address:??????? 20, Green Banks

7 ..............

Hampshire

Tapescripts:

Man:????? ... And your address? ... Is that O-L-T-O-N

Woman:? Not quite, it begins with an A, ant an O

這里由not quite來帶出前面的答案是錯(cuò)誤的答案,需要聽后面的內(nèi)容。作者在這邊修正了答案。不過提醒考生在這邊要注意下,修正的時(shí)候可能會(huì)僅僅只修正錯(cuò)誤的內(nèi)容,正確的部分可能還是要通過前面的內(nèi)容寫出來。因此在聽力中不要聽漏了。

六、重讀原則

聽力中盡管會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義詞互換,但是在真正出現(xiàn)答案的地方并不會(huì)有所變化,也就是所填內(nèi)容和文字答案中讀出來的應(yīng)該是一樣的,即所聽即所得。因此在審題的時(shí)候我們可以通過這種特點(diǎn)來把握聽力,也就是將所需要聽的詞性先標(biāo)注出來,在聽力中,只關(guān)注需要聽到的那個(gè)詞性就可以了。要提醒考生們注意的是,大部分的聽力答案都是名詞,而在英語中名詞都會(huì)重讀出來,因此尤其是在聽力內(nèi)容比較難的時(shí)候,甚至可以僅僅記錄下重讀的名詞來,很有可能就是答案。

如劍橋6 Test 1 Section 4

Questions 31-37

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORD for each answer

Social history of the East End of London

16th century Construction of facilities for the building of 34 ............... stimulated???????????????????????????????????????? international trade.

Agricultural workers came from other parts of 35 ................ to look for work

Tapescripts: In the sixteenth century the first dock was dug where ships were constructed, eventually making the East End the focus of massive international trade. And in the late sixteenth century, when much of the rest of England was suffering economically, a lot of agricultural workers came to the East End to look for alternative work.

這邊兩題的答案有相當(dāng)難度。首先34題,同義詞互換分別為dock - facilities, dug - construction, building - constructed, 唯一出現(xiàn)的原詞international trade,而這個(gè)詞語僅僅只能知道應(yīng)該看下題了。而且?guī)讉€(gè)重讀的詞語是dock, dug, ships, constructed,在這幾個(gè)詞語里面最有可能記錄下來的就是ships,恰好就是答案。第35題更加有難度,agricultural workers 和look for alternative work都出現(xiàn)在答案句的后面,而且后面出現(xiàn)的East End也是個(gè)很大的陷阱。此題可以通過需要填地點(diǎn)來定位答案。而在in the late sixteenth century能夠聽到的兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)是England和East End,而East End是文章的title,因此可以排除,最后答案就是England。

強(qiáng)調(diào)原則的要點(diǎn)是在沒有完全聽懂的情況下,通過某些可能重讀或者強(qiáng)調(diào)的方式來獲得聽力答案。