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Marshall Shepherd on how roads and roofs help cause urban floods

EarthSky

Heavy rains we're not the only cause of recent urban flooding, according to University of Georgia research meteorologist Marshall Shepherd. His June 2010 study also blames what he calls ‘impervious cover’ – that is, roofs, streets, and sidewalks – for the disastrous floods in Atlanta in 2009 and Nashville and Oklahoma City in 2010.

近年來美國許多城市洪水肆虐，而強(qiáng)降雨并非其中唯一的成因，佐治亞大學(xué)氣象學(xué)家馬歇爾·謝潑德如是說。今年6月通過研究他找出了2009年亞特蘭大特大洪災(zāi)、2010年納什維爾、俄克拉荷馬城洪水泛濫的其他元兇——不透水的屋頂、馬路、人行道等。

Marshall Shepherd: What we found with the Atlanta floods, and indeed many of the recent floods in 2010, is that it was a perfect convergence of several meteorological factors. But one of the other interesting aspects of this flooding event is the real signature of the impervious surfaces of the urban land cover.

馬歇爾·謝潑德：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，亞特蘭大特大洪災(zāi)是多重氣象因素完美作用的結(jié)果，當(dāng)然今年這幾次洪災(zāi)也是如此。但是這場災(zāi)害另一個(gè)比較有趣的成因是，城區(qū)路面、屋頂不透水。

Impervious surfaces, like roofs of buildings, sidewalks and parking lots, don’t absorb the rainwater the way soil does. The water runs off.

屋頂及路面的材質(zhì)決定了它們不能像土壤那樣吸收雨水，于是雨水在地表匯流成河。

Marshall Shepherd: Coupled with um streams and lakes that were already nearing capacity in terms of soil moisture, when you dump a lot of rainfall on urban impervious surfaces, it runs off in volumes quite rapidly. And it really had nowhere to go.

馬歇爾·謝潑德：溪流和湖泊已經(jīng)使土壤含水量接近飽和，要是市區(qū)再降暴雨，雨水既無法滲透到地表以下，也無法匯入江河，便在市區(qū)迅速匯流，泛濫成災(zāi)。因?yàn)樗鼈兇_實(shí)無處可去。

Dr. Shepherd said that humans are playing a bigger role than before in creating conditions that are ripe for floods in cities.

謝潑德表示，現(xiàn)在人們無疑在為市區(qū)發(fā)生洪災(zāi)制造更多條件。

Marshall Shepherd: What we're clearly seeing is that the role of human beings and their impervious surface is as much a part of the hydrological water cycle system in cities as the natural environment itself.These are really hand in hand.

馬歇爾·謝潑德： 我們清楚地看到人類在其中所起的作用，他們用不透水的材質(zhì)將城市包裹起來，形成了城市水文與水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的一部分，也參與了自然環(huán)境本身的構(gòu)建。人工環(huán)境、水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)與自然環(huán)境確是一體的。?

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