2015年8月，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)宣布，北美最高的山峰，麥金利山將會(huì)改名。它的新名字，德納里峰，事實(shí)上也是它最初的阿留申名字，意為“高的”。另一方面，之前的名字要追溯到1896年，那一年是為了紀(jì)念威廉·麥金利（1843-1901），他曾短暫地就任過(guò)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。

當(dāng)然，德納里是唯一一個(gè)與有趣的語(yǔ)言學(xué)歷史相關(guān)的山峰，讓我們?nèi)ネ鶃喼?，非洲，穿過(guò)歐洲，來(lái)探索這些大陸最有名的山峰和山脈的名字。

1.Himalayas
喜馬拉雅山脈

The Nepalese name Himalaya comes from a Sanskrit word meaning ‘Abode of Snow’, from hima for ‘snow’ and ālaya for ‘a(chǎn)bode’. In Buddhist sources, the Himalayan region is known by various names such as Himavā and Himavanta.
喜馬拉雅山脈的名字是尼泊爾人取自梵語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)，意為“有雪的地方”，“喜馬”意為“雪”，拉雅意為“地方”。在佛教的起源中，喜馬拉雅地區(qū)因?yàn)橛兄S多個(gè)名字而為人所熟知，例如Himavā 和Himavant。

2.Mount Everest
埃佛勒斯峰

In 1856, Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest (1790–1866), who was the superintendent of the Trigonometrical Survey of India. Everest himself was initially displeased by the naming, since he feared that local inhabitants might not be able to? pronounce it.
1856年，埃佛勒斯峰由喬治埃佛勒斯（1790-1866）命名，他是印度三角區(qū)的負(fù)責(zé)人。埃佛勒斯最初對(duì)這個(gè)名字并不滿意，因?yàn)樗麚?dān)心當(dāng)?shù)氐木用癫荒軌虬l(fā)出這個(gè)音來(lái)。

3.K2
喬戈里峰

K2 stands for Karakoram 2, because it was the second peak to be surveyed in the Trigonometrical Survey in the Karakoram system. It was also formerly known as Mount Godwin-Austen after Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, who first surveyed it. Another alternative name for the mountain is Chhogori.
K2代表第二個(gè)喀喇昆侖山脈，因?yàn)樗诳錾较抵械娜菂^(qū)排名第二。它在之前也被第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)它的古德溫·奧斯丁稱為喬戈里峰。這個(gè)山峰還有一個(gè)名字叫做Chhogori。

4.Annapurna
安納普爾納峰

Annapurna is a household Goddess for Hindus, who guarantees to her worshippers that food will not fail. The name derives from a Sanskrit word meaning ‘one who gives nourishment’.
安納普爾納是印度教徒信仰的主管家庭的女神，她對(duì)自己的信徒承諾以源源不斷的食物。這個(gè)名字源于一個(gè)梵文詞，意為“給予食物”。

5.Matterhorn
馬特洪峰

The Matterhorn’s name derives from the name of the nearby town of Zermatt, the second element of which is apparently Matte ‘meadow’, and Horn, ‘horn’. Horn is not an unusual element in German names of mountains with jutting peaks. The mountain is called Mont Cervin in French and Monte Cervino in Italian, from the Italian adjective cervino ‘deer-like’, which conjures up a deer’s antlers.
馬特洪峰的名字源于策馬特附近的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，顯然，第二個(gè)元素matte意為“草場(chǎng)”，horn意為“號(hào)角”。在德國(guó)比較高的山峰的名字中，Horn不是一個(gè)不同尋常的元素。在法語(yǔ)中，這座山峰被稱為Ceryin（馬特洪峰），在意大利語(yǔ)中，被稱為Cervino（切爾維諾山），源自意大利語(yǔ)中的形容詞cervino，意為“像鹿一樣”，使人想到鹿的角。

6.Ben Nevis
本尼維斯山

Ben Nevis is the Anglicized form of the Scottish Gaelic name Beinn Nibheis, which means ‘Mountain by the (River) Nevis’. The name of the river apparently derives from a Celtic root for ‘water’.
本尼維斯是蘇格蘭蓋立語(yǔ)Beinn Nibheis的英語(yǔ)化，意為“尼維斯河邊的山”。顯然，這座山的名字源于凱爾特語(yǔ)中的“水”一詞。

7.Mount Kilimanjaro
乞力馬扎羅山

The name of Africa’s highest peak means ‘Mountain of the God of Cold’, from the Swahili kilima, ‘mountain’, and njaro, ‘god of cold’. As a part of German East Africa, it was previously known as Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze (‘Emperor William Peak’) after William I, German emperor (1871–88). The mountain received its present name after the British were awarded a League of Nations mandate for this part of German East Africa in 1920.
這座非洲最高峰的名字意為“冰雪之神的山”，源于斯瓦西里語(yǔ)kilima，意為“山峰”，njaro，意為“冰雪之神”。作為德屬東非的一部分，它之前被叫做Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze（威廉大帝山），即德國(guó)皇帝威廉一世（1871-1888）.在1920年，英國(guó)得到國(guó)際聯(lián)盟在德屬東非地區(qū)的授權(quán)后，這座山峰才有了現(xiàn)在的名字。

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