All animals with mobile eyes are equipped with a tearing system that keeps their eyes lubricated, protecting their eyes from the elements and so on.

所有眼球會(huì)動(dòng)的動(dòng)物都有淚腺。淚腺可以保持眼部的潤(rùn)滑，還能防止惡劣天氣損傷眼睛，等等。

People tell tales of animals such as elephants and dogs weeping when punished. However, even if such an animal does shed tears, there is no scientific evidence that the animal is expressing emotion in doing so.

諸如大象和狗在受到人類的懲罰時(shí)會(huì)哭的故事總被人們掛在嘴邊。不過，即使動(dòng)物真的流淚了，也沒有科學(xué)依據(jù)證明它們這樣做是在表達(dá)某種情感。

But what about when a baby chimp or ape whimpers and screams as it’s being separated from its mother, couldn’t we say with some certainty that the animal is crying?

不過，當(dāng)與其母親分開時(shí)，幼年的黑猩猩和猿會(huì)啜泣和尖叫，難道我們不能帶點(diǎn)把握地說，它們是在哭泣嗎？

While this display does elicit caregiving from the mother, prompting her to feed or protect the baby, it is less clear that what the baby is feeling is similar to what a human feels when he or she cries.

幼崽這么做確實(shí)是能夠博得母親的關(guān)心，來給它們喂食并保護(hù)它們。不過至于這些幼崽當(dāng)時(shí)的感受與人在哭時(shí)的感受有沒有相似之處，還不是很明確。

In fact, it’s not clear that crying and other emotional displays mean exactly the same thing to all humans. For instance, there is a wide range of emotions that prompt people to cry, and some bouts of weeping, such as crying at a stranger’s wedding, seem to be culturally programmed responses.

事實(shí)上，對(duì)人類來說，哭和其他的情感宣泄方式所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容也不盡相同。比如，就哭來說，有太多的理由能催人淚下了。比如，在某些地方的婚禮上，陣陣的哭泣便是一種固定的文化禮節(jié)。

In addition, autistic people are said to be less emotionally expressive, but research has shown that it’s more that their expressions and their reactions to the emotional expressions of others are unusual, different. But does that mean that their sadness is different somehow?

此外，自閉的人被公認(rèn)為不善于表達(dá)情感。但有研究表明，這是因?yàn)椋瑢?duì)于他人的情感表達(dá)，他們所做出的反饋是不同于一般人的。但這能說明他們內(nèi)心所感到的悲傷也和其他人不同嗎？

So even if apes can be said with some certainty to be feeling emotions, then there is the problem of figuring out to what extent what they feel resembles what humans feel.

因此，就算我們能夠帶點(diǎn)把握地說猿是有情感的動(dòng)物，但他們的情感在多大程度上與人類相似，這還是一個(gè)有待于進(jìn)一步考證的問題。