1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes 統(tǒng)指各種衣服,謂語動詞永遠是復數(shù);cloth 指布,為不可數(shù)名詞;clothing 服裝的總稱,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 。
2. incident, accident
incident 指小事件,accident 指不幸的事故。如:He was killed in the accident.??????
3. amount, number
amount 后接不可數(shù)名詞, number 后接可數(shù)名詞,如:a number of students。
4. family, house, home
home 指家,包括住處和家人,house 指房子、住宅,family 指家庭成員,如:My family is a happy one.??????
5. sound, voice, noise
sound 指自然界各種各樣的聲音,voice 指人的嗓音,noise 指噪音,如:I hate the loud noise outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing
photo 指用照相機拍攝的照片,picture 可指相片、圖片、電影片,drawing 指畫的畫,如:Let's go and see a good picture.?????
7. vocabulary, word
vocabulary 指詞匯,一個人擁有的單詞量;word 指具體的單詞。如:He has a large vocabulary.??????
8. population, people
population 指人口、人數(shù),people 指具體的人,如:China has a large population.??????
9. weather, climate
weather 指一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況,climate 指長期的氣候狀況,如:The climate here is not good for you.??????
10. road, street, path, way
road 指具體的公路、馬路,street 指街道,path 指小路、小徑,way 指道路、途徑。如:take this road; in the street; show me the way to the museum.
11. course, subject
course 指課程(可包括多門科目),subject 指科目(具體的學科),如:a summer course。?????
12. custom, habit
custom 指傳統(tǒng)風俗、習俗,也可指生活習慣,后接to do;habit 指生活習慣,習慣成自然,后接of doing。 如:I've got the habit of drinking a lot.??
13. cause, reason
cause 指造成某一事實或現(xiàn)象的直接原因,后接 of sth./doing sth.;reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth., 如:the reason for being late。?????
14. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise 指運動、鍛煉(不可數(shù)),exercises 指練習(可數(shù)),practice 指(反復做的)練習。如:Practice makes perfect.??????
15. class, lesson
作“課”解時,兩者可以替換;指課文用lesson,指班級或全體學生用class,如:lesson 6; class 5。
16. speech, talk, lecture
speech 指在公共場所所做的經(jīng)過準備的較正式的演說,talk 指日常生活中的一般的談話、講話,lecture 指學術(shù)性的演講、講課,如:a series of lecture on…??????
17. officer, official
officer 指部隊的軍官,official 指政府官員,如:an army officer 。
18. work, job
二者均指工作,work 不可數(shù),job 可數(shù),如:a good job。?
19. couple, pair
couple 主要指人或動物,pair 多指由兩部分組成的東西,如:a pair of trousers。?????
20. country, nation, state, land
country 側(cè)重指版圖、疆域,nation 指人民、國民、民族,state 側(cè)重指政府、政體,land 指國土、國家。如:The whole nation was sad at the news.??
21. cook, cooker
cook 指廚師,cooker 指廚具,如:He is a good cook.??
22. damage, damages
damage 是不可數(shù)名詞,指損害、損失;damages 為復數(shù)形式,指賠償金,如:$900 damages。?????
23. police, policeman
police 是警察的總稱,后接復數(shù)謂語動詞;policeman 指某個具體的警察。如:The police are questioning everyone in the house.??????
24. problem, question
problem 常和困難連系,前面的動詞常為think about, solve, raise;question 常和疑問連系,多和ask, answer 連用。?
25. man, a man??
man 指人類,a man 指一個男人。如:Man will conquer nature.
26. chick, chicken

二者均可指小雞,chicken 還可以當雞肉,如:The chicken is delicious.??
27. telegram, telegraph
當“電報”解時,telegram 指具體的,telegraph 指抽象的,如:a telegram, by telegraph。
28. trip, journey, travel, voyage
travel 是最常用的,trip 指短期的旅途,journey 指稍長的旅途,voyage 指海上航行,如:a three-day trip。?????
29. sport, game
sport 多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動,如打球、游泳、打獵、賽馬等;game 指決定勝負的游戲,通常有一套規(guī)則。如:His favorite sport is swimming.??????
30. price, prize
price 指價格,prize 指獎、獎品、獎金,如:win the first prize The price is high/low.???