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閱讀理解能力是一種習(xí)得的技能。要求讀者能夠流暢閱讀、保持專注并批判性地思考書(shū)籍或文本的內(nèi)容。然而，不幸的是，許多學(xué)生在理解文本方面十分吃力。有些人，不能從細(xì)節(jié)處發(fā)現(xiàn)文章主旨，而有些人則根本不明白這本書(shū)究竟在講什么。因此，幫助學(xué)生提高閱讀理解能力，事關(guān)學(xué)生教育的成敗?？梢允褂靡韵率畟€(gè)有效的提示和策略，來(lái)幫助學(xué)生提升閱讀理解能力。

1. Read Aloud
1.大聲朗讀

While some might think of a teaching reading aloud as something that only happens in elementary classrooms, there is evidence that reading aloud also benefits middle and high school students as well.
也許，有些人認(rèn)為，大聲朗讀的學(xué)習(xí)方法僅適用于小學(xué)階段。但是，相關(guān)研究表明，大聲朗讀的學(xué)習(xí)方法同樣適用于初中生和高中生。

2. Stop and Ask Questions to Yourself as You Read
2.暫停閱讀并提出問(wèn)題

A good strategy to teach struggling readers is that instead of just rushing through a passage or chapter, they should stop and ask themselves questions. Doing this can help them focus on the main ideas and increase the student's engagement with the material.
對(duì)那些苦于閱讀的讀者來(lái)說(shuō)，與其草草讀完一段文章或一回小說(shuō)，不如暫時(shí)停下來(lái)反思自己有什么問(wèn)題。這么做有助于讀者關(guān)注主旨，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料的參與性。

3. Talk with Someone Else About What Is Being Read
3.和他人討論閱讀的內(nèi)容

Having students stop periodically and discuss what has just been read can reveal any issues with understanding and can reinforce what is being taught.
定期讓學(xué)生停下來(lái)與他人討論所讀內(nèi)容，能夠暴露所有難以理解之處并鞏固所學(xué)內(nèi)容。

4. Look at the Headings and Other Information before You Begin
4.讀前查看標(biāo)題及其他信息

An excellent strategy that soon becomes second nature is to have struggling students read through all the headings and subheadings in any chapter that they have been assigned. This information can help them gain an overview of what they will be learning as they read the chapter.
對(duì)一些閱讀能力欠佳的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，將閱讀前瀏覽章節(jié)標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題的技巧培養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，這件事并不難。該信息有助于學(xué)生在閱讀過(guò)程中對(duì)將要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容有一個(gè)總體的認(rèn)知。

5. Keep Paper Handy for Notes and Questions
5.備好本子記錄要點(diǎn)和疑問(wèn)

Students should read a chapter with paper and pen in hand. They can then take notes, write down questions they think of, and create a vocabulary list of all the highlighted words in the chapter along with any unfamiliar terms that they need to define.
閱讀時(shí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)備好紙筆，以便記下要點(diǎn)和思考的問(wèn)題。還可以列出本章節(jié)的重點(diǎn)單詞以及任何需要定義的不熟悉的術(shù)語(yǔ)。

6. Learn to Cluster Words
6.學(xué)習(xí)聚類詞匯

Clustering is a skill that increases reading comprehension by having students learn to read groups of words that form phrases or fit together semantically into one cluster.
聚類，是一種通過(guò)讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)閱讀構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)的單詞組或在語(yǔ)義上合并到一個(gè)聚類的方式來(lái)增強(qiáng)個(gè)人閱讀理解能力的技能。

7. Use Graphic Organizers as You Read
7.閱讀時(shí)運(yùn)用圖表

Some students find that graphic organizers like webs and concept maps can greatly enhance reading comprehension. These allow students to identify areas of focus and main ideas in a reading.
一些學(xué)生認(rèn)為，使用諸如網(wǎng)絡(luò)和概念地圖的圖表能夠大大提升自己的閱讀理解能力。這些圖表便于學(xué)生在閱讀過(guò)程中找到需要關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)和主要思想。

8. Practice PQ4R
8.練習(xí)PQ4R閱讀法

This consists of six steps: Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, and Review. Preview has students scan the material to get an overview. Question means that students should ask themselves questions as they read. The four R's have students read the material, reflect on what has just been read, recite the major points to yourself, and then finally go back over the material and see if you can answer the questions you previously asked.
該方法包含六個(gè)步驟：預(yù)覽、提問(wèn)、閱讀、思考、背誦、回顧。預(yù)覽要求學(xué)生瀏覽材料，對(duì)相關(guān)材料產(chǎn)生整體的認(rèn)知。提問(wèn)是指學(xué)生在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)提出問(wèn)題。四個(gè)R分別要求學(xué)生閱讀材料、思考剛剛讀過(guò)的內(nèi)容、記憶要點(diǎn)、最終回歸材料，檢驗(yàn)自己能否回答之前所提的問(wèn)題。

9. Stop and Summarize
9.暫停閱讀并總結(jié)

As students read, have them periodically stop their reading and summarize what they have just read. This will aid in their understanding of the material being covered.
定期要求學(xué)生暫停閱讀，總結(jié)已讀內(nèi)容。這么做有利于深化學(xué)生對(duì)已讀內(nèi)容的理解。

10. Write Questions about the Material
10.寫(xiě)出與材料相關(guān)的檢測(cè)題

After students have read a passage, have them go back and write questions that could be included in a quiz or test on the material. This will require them to look at the information in a different manner.
要求學(xué)生讀畢后回歸材料，并寫(xiě)出與材料相關(guān)的檢測(cè)題。這意味著學(xué)生將以不同的方式閱讀信息。

聲明：本雙語(yǔ)文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。