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經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ):Engel's Coefficient恩格爾系數(shù)
Engel's Coefficient Engel's Coefficient(恩格爾系數(shù)),是食品支出總額占個(gè)人消費(fèi)支出總額的比重。 一個(gè)家庭收入越少,家庭收入中用來(lái)購(gòu)買食物的支出所占的比例就越大,隨著家庭收入的增加,家庭收入中用來(lái)購(gòu)買食物的支出比例則會(huì)下降。推而廣之,一個(gè)國(guó)家越窮,每個(gè)國(guó)民的平均收入中用于購(gòu)買食物的支出所占比例就越大,隨著國(guó)家的富裕,這個(gè)比例呈下降趨勢(shì)。 我們來(lái)看2個(gè)例句: The Engel's Coefficient shows people's living standard in a country.? 恩格斯系數(shù)展示一個(gè)國(guó)家的人民生活水平。 Engel's coefficient has been regarded as the important basis for the criterion in determining the poor and the rich by the United Nations.? 恩格爾系數(shù)一直作為聯(lián)合國(guó)劃分貧富標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的重要依據(jù)。 20節(jié)BEC初級(jí)、中級(jí)、高級(jí)課程 學(xué)前測(cè)試、詞匯課、各級(jí)別專項(xiàng)課 還有考前沖刺 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)聽(tīng)>> 你適合考哪個(gè)級(jí)別?BEC好不好學(xué) 2個(gè)月后考試是否能順利通過(guò) 一聽(tīng)即知! 0元試學(xué)BEC初級(jí)中級(jí)高級(jí)課程 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>> 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>>> 祝大家順利拿證
2024-12-17 -
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ):FER
FER 國(guó)際貿(mào)易中需要結(jié)算,所以我們需要有外國(guó)的貨幣,這就是FER(Foreign Exchange Reserve,外匯儲(chǔ)備)。 貿(mào)易順差和資本流入集中到本國(guó)央中需要結(jié)算,所以我們需要有外國(guó)的貨幣,這就是FER(Foreign Exchange Reserve,外匯儲(chǔ)備)。 貿(mào)易順差和資本流入集中行內(nèi)就形成外匯儲(chǔ)備。FER主要用于清償國(guó)際收支逆差,以及當(dāng)本國(guó)貨幣被大量拋售時(shí),利用外匯儲(chǔ)備買入本國(guó)貨幣干預(yù)外匯市場(chǎng),以維持該國(guó)貨幣的匯率。 我們來(lái)看2個(gè)例句: The continuous increase of the foreign exchange reserve has guaranteed RMB to be in the further consolidated position. 外匯儲(chǔ)備的不斷增加確保了人民幣地位的進(jìn)一步鞏固。 On your second question, China never intends to seek for a trade surplus nor the increase of foreign exchange reserve. 關(guān)于第二個(gè)問(wèn)題,中方從來(lái)不刻意追求貿(mào)易順差,也不刻意追求外匯儲(chǔ)備的增長(zhǎng)。 20節(jié)BEC初級(jí)、中級(jí)、高級(jí)課程 學(xué)前測(cè)試、詞匯課、各級(jí)別專項(xiàng)課 還有考前沖刺 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)聽(tīng)>> 你適合考哪個(gè)級(jí)別?BEC好不好學(xué) 2個(gè)月后考試是否能順利通過(guò) 一聽(tīng)即知! 0元試學(xué)BEC初級(jí)中級(jí)高級(jí)課程 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>> 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>>> 祝大家順利拿證~ ?
2024-12-11 -
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ):FDI
FDI 國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中,投資很重要,尤其是FDI(Foreign Direct Investment,外國(guó)直接投資)。 FDI是現(xiàn)代的資本國(guó)際化的主要形式之一,中國(guó)已經(jīng)超過(guò)美國(guó),成為全球最大外國(guó)直接投資目的。跨國(guó)公司是FDI的主要形式。 我們來(lái)看2個(gè)例句: As the earliest open city among the coastal cities and one of the 15 vice-province cities, FDI of Qingdao is around tops in whole China. 青島作為中國(guó)最早的沿海開(kāi)放城市和15個(gè)副省級(jí)城市之一,在吸收FDI方面走在全國(guó)前列。 Retailing is one of the last big sectors of the Indian economy to open up to FDI. 零售業(yè)是印度經(jīng)濟(jì)中對(duì)外資開(kāi)放的最后一大領(lǐng)域。 20節(jié)BEC初級(jí)、中級(jí)、高級(jí)課程 學(xué)前測(cè)試、詞匯課、各級(jí)別專項(xiàng)課 還有考前沖刺 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)聽(tīng)>> 你適合考哪個(gè)級(jí)別?BEC好不好學(xué) 2個(gè)月后考試是否能順利通過(guò) 一聽(tīng)即知! 0元試學(xué)BEC初級(jí)中級(jí)高級(jí)課程 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>> 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>>> 祝大家順利拿證~
2024-12-15 -
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ):CPI
人們的生活密切相關(guān),同時(shí)在整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)格體系中也具有重要地位。 我們來(lái)看2個(gè)例句: Since 1997, official statisticians have also published the CPI, which provides a common measure of inflation in European states.? 1997年以后,政府統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家還提出了居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)(CPI),它為歐洲國(guó)家衡量通貨膨脹提供了統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 Indeed, higher food prices will have an impact on the food component of CPI in the months ahead.? 實(shí)際上,在未來(lái)數(shù)月,食品價(jià)格上漲將大會(huì)給CPI中的食品部分帶來(lái)一定影響。 20節(jié)BEC初級(jí)、中級(jí)、高級(jí)課程 學(xué)前測(cè)試、詞匯課、各級(jí)別專項(xiàng)課 還有考前沖刺 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)聽(tīng)>> 你適合考哪個(gè)級(jí)別?BEC好不好學(xué) 2個(gè)月后考試是否能順利通過(guò) 一聽(tīng)即知! 0元試學(xué)BEC初級(jí)中級(jí)高級(jí)課程 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>> 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>>> 祝大家順利拿證
2024-12-18 -
2024年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解模擬:泰國(guó)大象的生存危機(jī)
理了2024年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解模擬:泰國(guó)大象的生存危機(jī),一起來(lái)看看吧。 2024年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解模擬:泰國(guó)大象的生存危機(jī) For centuries, in the countries of south and Southeast Asia the elephant has been an intimate part of the culture, economy and religion, and nowhere more so than in Thailand. Unlike its African cousin, the Asian elephant is easily domesticated (馴化). The rare so-called white elephants have actually lent the authority of kingship to its rulers and until the 1920s the national flag was a white elephant on a red background.To the early Western visitors the country's romantic name was “Land of the White Elephant”. Today, however, the story is very different. Out of work and out of land, the Thai elephant struggles for survival in a nation that no longer needs it. The elephant has found itself more or less abandoned by previous owners who have moved on to a different economic world and a westernized society. And while the elephant's problems began many years ago, now it rates a very low national priority. How this reversal from national icon (圣像) to neglected animal came about is a tale of worsening environmental and the changing lives of the Thais themselves. According to Richard Lair, Thailand’s experts on the Asian elephant and author of the report Gone Astray, at the turn of the century there may well have beenas many as 100,000 domestic elephants in the country. In the north of Thailand alone it was estimated that more than 20,000 elephants were employed in transport, 1,000 of them alone on the road between the cities of Chiang Mai and Chiang Saen. This was at a time when 90 per cent of Thailand was still forest—a habitat (棲息地) that not only supported the animals but also made them necessary to carry goods and people. Nothing ploughs through dense forest better than a massive but sure-footed elephant. By 1950 the elephant population had dropped to a still substantial 13,397, but today there are probably nomore than 3,800, with another 1,350 roaming free in the national parks. But now, Thailand’s forest coversonly 20 per cent of the land. This deforestation (采伐森林) is the central point of the elephant's difficult situation, for it has effectively put the animals out of work. This century, as the road network grew, so the elephant's role as a beast of burden declined. 練習(xí)題: Choose correct answers to the question: 1. What can we know about African elephants from the passage? A. It is easy to tame them. B. It is hard to tame them. C. They are living a better life than Asian elephants. D. Their fate is quite similar to that of Asian elephants. 2. Thailand was once called “Land of the White Elephant” because_______. A. white elephant is rarely seen and thus very special B. white elephant was a national symbol until the 1920s C. white elephant has helped kings to gain the ruling authority D. this name was so romantic that it was popular among visitors 3. Why is the Thai elephant “out of work”, according to the author? A. Because the elephants are no longer useful to their owners. B. Because their owners are westernized and neglect them. C. Because the government pays little attention to the problem. D. Because there are too many elephants and too few jobs. 4. Which of the following statements is true about the elephant population at various times? A. There were 100,000 tamed elephants at the turn of the century. B. 20,000 elephants were employed in transport in Thailand at the turn of the century. C. By 1950 the elephant population in Thailand has been quite small. D. Today the elephant population is estimated at 5,150. 5. The passage is most probably from_______. A. a travel magazine B. a history book C. a research report D. an official announcement 參考答案: 1.[B] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對(duì)比處。根據(jù)文章第l段第3句:和非洲象不同,亞洲象容易馴養(yǎng),言下之意就是:非洲象不易馴養(yǎng)。答案中用tame替代原文的domesticate,意思相同。選項(xiàng)A與原文意思正好相反;選項(xiàng)C,D原文根本未提到。 2.[B] 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第l段第4句中的“until the 1920s the national flag was a white elephant on a red background.”可知當(dāng)時(shí)白
2024-12-06 -
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)職場(chǎng)術(shù)語(yǔ):Gini Index基尼系數(shù)
Gini Index Gini Index(基尼系數(shù))是國(guó)際上通用的衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)居民收入差距的常用指標(biāo)。 基尼系數(shù)最大為“1”,最小等于“0”。基尼系數(shù)越接近0表明收入分配越是趨向平等。 國(guó)際慣例把0.2以下視為收入絕對(duì)平均, 0.2-0.3視為收入比較平均; 0.3-0.4視為收入相對(duì)合理; 0.4-0.5視為收入差距較大, 當(dāng)基尼系數(shù)達(dá)到0.5以上時(shí),則表示收入懸殊。 我們來(lái)看2個(gè)例句: He said 40 percent on the Gini index is already too risky and China's Gini index is close to 50 percent. 他說(shuō),基尼指數(shù)40%就已經(jīng)相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)了,而中國(guó)的基尼指數(shù)將近是50%。 Because of high GDP per capita, welfare benefits, a low Gini index, and political stability, the Danish enjoys high living standards topped by no other nation.? 由于其高人均GDP,良好的福利,較低的基尼系數(shù)和穩(wěn)定的政治,丹麥?zhǔn)鞘澜缟仙钏阶罡叩膰?guó)家。 20節(jié)BEC初級(jí)、中級(jí)、高級(jí)課程 學(xué)前測(cè)試、詞匯課、各級(jí)別專項(xiàng)課 還有考前沖刺 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)聽(tīng)>> 你適合考哪個(gè)級(jí)別?BEC好不好學(xué) 2個(gè)月后考試是否能順利通過(guò) 一聽(tīng)即知! 0元試學(xué)BEC初級(jí)中級(jí)高級(jí)課程 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>> 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>>> 祝大家順利拿證
2024-12-20 -
職場(chǎng)術(shù)語(yǔ): Credit-rating Agencies
Credit-rating Agencies 由于債券可能會(huì)違約,所以債券投資者需要了解公司是否會(huì)發(fā)生債券違約。 Credit-rating Agencies(信用評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu))可以提供這樣的信息。最好的債券評(píng)級(jí)是AAA,違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小的債券稱為投資級(jí)債券,評(píng)級(jí)為Baa以上;低于Baa的是投機(jī)級(jí)債券,或是Junk bond(垃圾債券)。 我們來(lái)看2個(gè)例句: Its budget deficit is so big,which has led to warnings from the credit-rating agencies in spite of the dollar's reserve currency status.? 盡管美元的儲(chǔ)備貨幣有如此地位,但預(yù)算赤字是如此之大已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致來(lái)自信用評(píng)級(jí)公司的警告。 Two of the three main credit-rating agencies, Fitch and Standard &Poor’s, cut their rating on Greek bonds and gave warning that a further downgrade was likely.? 三個(gè)主要評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)中的兩個(gè)--惠譽(yù)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾--降低了其對(duì)希國(guó)債的評(píng)級(jí),并警告可能進(jìn)一步降低評(píng)級(jí)。 20節(jié)BEC初級(jí)、中級(jí)、高級(jí)課程 學(xué)前測(cè)試、詞匯課、各級(jí)別專項(xiàng)課 還有考前沖刺 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)聽(tīng)>> 你適合考哪個(gè)級(jí)別?BEC好不好學(xué) 2個(gè)月后考試是否能順利通過(guò) 一聽(tīng)即知! 0元試學(xué)BEC初級(jí)中級(jí)高級(jí)課程 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>> 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>>> 祝大家順利拿證~
2024-12-24 -
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)職場(chǎng)術(shù)語(yǔ):PPP
PPP 如果對(duì)不同國(guó)家的GDP進(jìn)行比較呢,一個(gè)方法就是PPP(Purchasing Power Parity,購(gòu)買力平價(jià))。 購(gòu)買力平價(jià)是根據(jù)各國(guó)不同的價(jià)格水平計(jì)算出來(lái)的貨幣之間的等值系數(shù),如果一個(gè)巨無(wú)霸在美國(guó)的價(jià)格是4美元,而在英國(guó)是3英鎊,那么美元與英鎊的購(gòu)買力平價(jià)匯率就是3英鎊=4美元。 我們來(lái)看2個(gè)例句: PPP measures show where currencies should end up in the long run. 購(gòu)買力平價(jià)方法顯示出貨幣從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看的價(jià)格。 For this reason, PPP is a more reliable comparison for the currencies of economies with similar levels of income. 由于這樣的原因,購(gòu)買力平價(jià)方法在比較有相近收入水平的經(jīng)濟(jì)體時(shí)更為可靠。 20節(jié)BEC初級(jí)、中級(jí)、高級(jí)課程 學(xué)前測(cè)試、詞匯課、各級(jí)別專項(xiàng)課 還有考前沖刺 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)聽(tīng)>> 你適合考哪個(gè)級(jí)別?BEC好不好學(xué) 2個(gè)月后考試是否能順利通過(guò) 一聽(tīng)即知! 0元試學(xué)BEC初級(jí)中級(jí)高級(jí)課程 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>> 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>>> 祝大家順利拿證~
2024-12-21 -
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ):RPI
RPI RPI(Retail Price Index,商品零售價(jià)格指數(shù))是指反映一定時(shí)期內(nèi)商品零售價(jià)格變動(dòng)趨勢(shì)和變動(dòng)程度的相對(duì)數(shù)。 零售物價(jià)指數(shù)是編制財(cái)政計(jì)劃、價(jià)格計(jì)劃、制定物價(jià)政策、工資政策的重要依據(jù)。 目前我國(guó)商品零售價(jià)格指數(shù)采用加權(quán)算術(shù)平均公式計(jì)算,調(diào)查范圍涉及食品、飲料煙酒、服裝鞋帽、紡織品、家用電器及音像器材、文化辦公用品、日用品、體育娛樂(lè)用品、交通通信用品、家具、化妝品、金銀珠寶、中西藥品及醫(yī)療保健用品、書(shū)報(bào)雜志及電子出版物、燃料、建筑材料及五金電料等16大類商品。 我們來(lái)看2個(gè)例句: Interest on student loans is pegged to inflation, as measured by the RPI, in order to maintain the real value of the debt over its term.? 學(xué)生貸款利率與通貨膨脹率掛鉤,這由零售物價(jià)指數(shù)來(lái)衡量,以保持在借貸期內(nèi)債務(wù)的實(shí)際價(jià)值不變。 The state pension, also linked to the RPI, must go up by at least 2.5%, following a promise made by ministers a few years ago when inflation fell and pensioners got shirty. 幾年以前當(dāng)通貨膨脹下降并且退休人員憤怒的時(shí)候,部長(zhǎng)們做出一項(xiàng)承諾,之后,與零售物價(jià)指數(shù)掛鉤的國(guó)家養(yǎng)老金至少上漲了2.5%。 20節(jié)BEC初級(jí)、中級(jí)、高級(jí)課程 學(xué)前測(cè)試、詞匯課、各級(jí)別專項(xiàng)課 還有考前沖刺 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)聽(tīng)>> 你適合考哪個(gè)級(jí)別?BEC好不好學(xué) 2個(gè)月后考試是否能順利通過(guò) 一聽(tīng)即知! 0元試學(xué)BEC初級(jí)中級(jí)高級(jí)課程 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>> 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>>> 祝大家順利拿證
2024-12-12 -
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ):CLI
CLI CLI(Cost of Living Index,生活費(fèi)用指數(shù))是指在不同時(shí)點(diǎn),消費(fèi)者為達(dá)到某一效用(或者福利、生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn))水平所需要的最小支出之比。 生活費(fèi)用指數(shù)理論認(rèn)為,消費(fèi)者的行為是理性的,在價(jià)格發(fā)生變化的情況下,消費(fèi)者會(huì)調(diào)整自己的消費(fèi)行為和消費(fèi)模式,達(dá)到消費(fèi)行為的最優(yōu)化。 我們來(lái)看2個(gè)例句: Only Zips where the cost of living index was between 100 and 200 were considered.? 我們只考慮生活費(fèi)指數(shù)在100和200之間的郵政區(qū)域。 His high cost of living index incurred a prosecutor's suspicion.? 他的高生活消費(fèi)指數(shù)招致了一名檢察官的懷疑。 20節(jié)BEC初級(jí)、中級(jí)、高級(jí)課程 學(xué)前測(cè)試、詞匯課、各級(jí)別專項(xiàng)課 還有考前沖刺 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)聽(tīng)>> 你適合考哪個(gè)級(jí)別?BEC好不好學(xué) 2個(gè)月后考試是否能順利通過(guò) 一聽(tīng)即知! 0元試學(xué)BEC初級(jí)中級(jí)高級(jí)課程 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>> 點(diǎn)擊立即免費(fèi)試學(xué)>>> 祝大家順利拿證
2024-12-14