娶78個(gè)老婆，24人未成年？網(wǎng)飛的這部高分犯罪紀(jì)錄片太毀三觀了

最近，網(wǎng)飛把這個(gè)令人膽戰(zhàn)心驚的故事，通過(guò)紀(jì)錄片《乖乖聽(tīng)話(huà)：邪教中的祈禱與服從》（ Keep Sweet: Pray and Obey）的形式展現(xiàn)給了大眾。

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Chronicling the patriarchal horrors of Jeffs’s cult, this drama is a disturbing yet fascinating watch thanks to the care taken by its director, Rachel Dretzin.

這部劇記錄了杰夫斯邪教的父權(quán)恐怖，由于導(dǎo)演雷切爾·德雷津的精心設(shè)計(jì)，這部劇令人不安卻又引人入勝。

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故事要從20世紀(jì)30年代開(kāi)始說(shuō)起，那個(gè)時(shí)候自由神學(xué)和人文主義公立教育里應(yīng)外合，在19世紀(jì)攻陷歐洲，20世紀(jì)擄掠美國(guó)，而在眾多教會(huì)中，有這樣一支宗教，摩門(mén)教，作為美國(guó)第四大宗教團(tuán)體，從19世紀(jì)末開(kāi)始放棄了教義中的傳統(tǒng)：一夫多妻制，但并非所有人都樂(lè)于接受，在摩門(mén)教中產(chǎn)生了一小部分的分支，不愿放棄這一傳統(tǒng)，于是這部分分支便被逐出教會(huì)，自成一派，號(hào)稱(chēng)基本教義派的耶穌基督圣徒教會(huì)（Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints），簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)FLDS。

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根據(jù)維基百科的記載，F(xiàn)LDS教會(huì)內(nèi)部封閉，外界無(wú)法得知教會(huì)人數(shù)總數(shù)，但保守估計(jì)在六千到一萬(wàn)人左右，起初在亞利桑那州和猶他州的邊界處扎根。

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對(duì)于那些教會(huì)的成員來(lái)說(shuō)，出生在這個(gè)教會(huì)社區(qū)，就意味著自己和其他人都“不同”。從小就被洗腦：外面的世界都是被詛咒的人所擁有的；不能相信外面的任何人尤其是警察和媒體；自己是地球上唯一僅存的真正上帝子民。

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那按理說(shuō)這么離譜的事情，一萬(wàn)多個(gè)人沒(méi)有人覺(jué)得奇怪嗎？

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關(guān)于這點(diǎn)原因有二，其一是他們的生活絕對(duì)封閉，深居簡(jiǎn)出，不能去看電影，不能去游樂(lè)場(chǎng)，不能參加任何形式的集會(huì)，婦孺?zhèn)冞€不得與外人有任何接觸，報(bào)紙，雜志，廣播，電視，書(shū)籍，通通一律不行，除了基本需求，所有婦孺不得離開(kāi)牧場(chǎng)，可以說(shuō)是距離社會(huì)越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)。

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原因之二則是他們從小就接受了這樣的教育，正如影片中的人所言：“當(dāng)你生來(lái)就從父母那里學(xué)到一些東西，你相信他們，因?yàn)樗麄兪悄愕母改福麄兪悄愕募胰?，我做的事是他們教我的事。”誠(chéng)然，如果從出生開(kāi)始就一直被父母“熏陶”，那對(duì)于那些我們看來(lái)再離譜不過(guò)的事，可能也就當(dāng)做是正常的了。

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Why could this happen? Partly it was because the followers of the FLDS were isolated from the outside world. Jeffs controlled hearts and minds without interference: he decided what the cult’s children learned and what jobs they could perform. He even dictated what hairstyles women could have (elaborate french braids). Jeffs further manipulated his followers by preying on their fears about being ‘saved.” He declared himself to be the “one true prophet,” so that his word was literally the word of God. He told the members of his flock that — if they did not follow his every command — their souls would be damned, eternally. He often tricked girls as young as 14 into marriage by asking them, “Do you think you know better than the Lord?”

為什么會(huì)這樣呢?部分原因是FLDS的信徒與外界隔絕。杰夫斯不受干擾地控制著人心和思想:他決定邪教的孩子們能學(xué)到什么，能做什么工作。他甚至規(guī)定了女人可以留什么樣的發(fā)型(精致的法式辮子)。杰夫斯進(jìn)一步操縱他的追隨者，利用他們對(duì)“得到救贖”的畏懼。他宣稱(chēng)自己是“唯一真正的先知”，因此他的話(huà)就是上帝的話(huà)。他告訴他的教眾，如果他們不遵守他的每一個(gè)命令，他們的靈魂將被詛咒，永遠(yuǎn)。他經(jīng)常騙14歲的女孩結(jié)婚，問(wèn)她們:“你認(rèn)為你比上帝還聰明嗎?”

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作為真正的上帝子民，想要得到救贖的方式只有一個(gè)，那就是“多娶老婆”。

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這樣的救贖方式是由先知（教會(huì)的最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人）沃倫·杰夫斯帶來(lái)的，再被信徒們灌輸給自己的孩子們，據(jù)說(shuō)對(duì)于FLDS的男性信徒們而言，能娶三個(gè)老婆，就可以在天國(guó)獲得最高級(jí)別的榮譽(yù)。而對(duì)于先知來(lái)說(shuō)，他可沒(méi)有什么三個(gè)的限制，因?yàn)樗褪撬^“神在人間的代表”，只要他看上了哪個(gè)女孩，只需告訴孩子家長(zhǎng)，家長(zhǎng)們就會(huì)乖乖的心甘情愿的將孩子奉上。

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Dretzin’s documentary delves into a baffling question: why didn’t these cult members just get up and leave? The answer is conditioning and class: most had been raised with these beliefs since birth, and dissenters lacked the money, education, and know-how to survive in the real world. As one survivor puts it, she wasn’t aware of places that could help her become independent, such as women’s shelters. This confession is key to understanding what life under a dictatorship is truly like. (Ironically, Jeffs called himself a “benevolent dictator.”) Thus the importance of documentaries like this, which is not just about exploiting public interest in the bizarre — they explain how easy it is to strip away people’s freedom.

德雷津的紀(jì)錄片探究了一個(gè)令人困惑的問(wèn)題:為什么這些邪教成員不離開(kāi)?答案是條件和階級(jí):大多數(shù)人從出生起就被灌輸了這些信念，而反對(duì)者缺乏金錢(qián)、教育和在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中生存的技能。正如一位幸存者所說(shuō)，她不知道有什么地方可以幫助她變得獨(dú)立，比如婦女庇護(hù)所。這是理解獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治下的生活的關(guān)鍵。(諷刺的是，杰夫斯稱(chēng)自己為“仁慈的獨(dú)裁者”。)因此，這樣的紀(jì)錄片的重要性，不僅僅是利用公眾對(duì)奇異事物的興趣——它們解釋了剝奪人們的自由是多么容易。

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在這里，女性像是財(cái)產(chǎn)和貨幣，先知想要和誰(shuí)搞好關(guān)系，就“送”他幾個(gè)老婆。如果有女孩不聽(tīng)話(huà)，那就把她“送”給那些最不堪入目的人家。

這樣的教會(huì)當(dāng)然不可能逃過(guò)警察的耳目，但問(wèn)題在于沒(méi)有一個(gè)受害人愿意上報(bào)當(dāng)證人，這對(duì)于警察的辦案來(lái)說(shuō)是莫大的困難。

At no point throughout the series does it feel like Dretzin is judging or exploiting her subjects. She simply lets them tell their stories and inserts archival footage and unreleased audio to support their statements. Investigators and one of the first journalists who helped expose Jeffs explain just how difficult it was to take him down. In addition to lackadaisical responses from the judicial system, many of Jeffs’ followers did their best to protect him. This loyalty is horrifying, but also remarkable, given that it dramatizes just how powerful psychological manipulation, when protected by isolation, can be.

在整部劇中，沒(méi)有任何一點(diǎn)讓人感覺(jué)德雷津在評(píng)判或利用她的主題。她只是讓他們講述自己的故事，并插入檔案片段和未發(fā)布的音頻來(lái)支持他們的聲明。調(diào)查人員和第一批幫助揭露杰夫斯的記者之一解釋說(shuō)，扳倒他是多么困難。除了司法系統(tǒng)的不作為外，杰夫斯的許多追隨者還竭盡全力保護(hù)他。這種忠誠(chéng)是可怕的，但也是引人注目的，因?yàn)樗鼞騽』卣故玖嗽诠铝⒌谋Ｗo(hù)下，心理操縱是多么強(qiáng)大。

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但隨著先知對(duì)于教會(huì)成員的管制越發(fā)嚴(yán)厲，不安的情緒也在教會(huì)之中蔓延開(kāi)，為了安撫成員，先知不惜后買(mǎi)下了德州一處名為Yearning for Zion Ranch的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)YFZ農(nóng)場(chǎng)，號(hào)稱(chēng)真正的天堂，以此作為絕大多數(shù)教會(huì)成員們的總部。

這一次轉(zhuǎn)移行動(dòng)給了當(dāng)局充分的理由，讓其能夠徹查這個(gè)組織。

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但針對(duì)先知杰夫斯的指控并非一番風(fēng)順。

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In 2005, Elissa Wall blew the whistle and told authorities how she, at the age of 19, was forced to marry her cousin, then aged 14. She also accused Warren of rape, something he was charged for but not convicted.

2005年，艾麗莎·沃爾揭發(fā)了這件事，并告訴當(dāng)局她是如何在19歲時(shí)被迫嫁給當(dāng)時(shí)14歲的表親的。她還指控沃倫強(qiáng)暴，沃倫被指控但沒(méi)有被定罪。

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By the time 2006 came, there were multiple warrants out for his arrest across the US and he was listed on the FBI's Top Ten Most Wanted Criminals list.

到了2006年，美國(guó)各地發(fā)布了多份逮捕他的逮捕令，他還被列入了聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局十大通緝罪犯名單。

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In 2007 and 2008 respectively, he was convicted on two 'accomplice to sexual assault' charges but these were later overturned due to the victims opting out of testifying in course.

在2007年和2008年，他分別被判兩項(xiàng)“性侵共犯”罪名成立，但由于受害者選擇不作證，這些指控后來(lái)都被推翻了。

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Then in 2011, he was convicted again on two counts of sexual assault and sentenced to life in prison. To this day, he remains incarcerated and will not be eligible for parole until 2038, at which point he will be 83 years old. Warren and the congregation, which still operates to this day, continue to argue his innocence.??

2011年，他再次被判兩項(xiàng)性侵罪名成立，被判處終身監(jiān)禁。直到今天，他仍然被監(jiān)禁，直到2038年才有資格獲得假釋?zhuān)菚r(shí)他已經(jīng)83歲了。直到今天，沃倫和他的教眾仍然堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他是無(wú)辜的。

"Keep Sweet: Pray and Obey" ultimately owes its strength to those who didn't obey and possessed the courage to break free, as well as outsiders working to expose what was happening -- no small task, since as is noted, building legal cases was especially difficult because most of the victims didn't want to testify.

《乖乖聽(tīng)話(huà)：邪教中的祈禱與服從》的力量最終要感謝那些不服從的人，以及那些有勇氣掙脫束縛的人，以及那些努力揭露正在發(fā)生的事情的外人——這不是一項(xiàng)小工作，因?yàn)檎缥覀冏⒁獾降模⒎砂讣貏e困難，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)受害者不愿作證。

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對(duì)于大洋彼岸的我們來(lái)說(shuō)，這樣的影片可能只是一個(gè)獵奇的故事，但是那些對(duì)于邪教的盲目迷信，對(duì)于所謂先知的無(wú)條件服從，對(duì)于家長(zhǎng)和孩子之間的教育與關(guān)系，對(duì)于那些不敢發(fā)聲或是不愿發(fā)聲的受害者，這些都還是值得我們靜下心來(lái)好好思考的。

Women?who were subjected to Jeffs’ reign of terror are still dealing with their own demons. But, by coming forth and telling their own stories, they regained control of their lives by understanding what they had undergone. They proved that “keep sweet” really means asserting your independence.

但是，通過(guò)站出來(lái)講述自己的故事，他們通過(guò)理解自己所經(jīng)歷的事情，重新掌控了自己的生活。她們證明了“想要保持甜蜜”真的意味著堅(jiān)持你的獨(dú)立性。

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