雅思寫作最后備考階段不可不知的針對(duì)性備考建議
很多同學(xué)雖然經(jīng)過(guò)了一段時(shí)間的培訓(xùn),但是往往對(duì)于雅思寫作在最后階段怎樣復(fù)習(xí)還是一頭霧水,考試前夕,同學(xué)們問(wèn)的最多的就是,馬上要考試了,應(yīng)該在考前準(zhǔn)備些什么呢?我們針對(duì)第一次參加雅思考試和第二次參加雅思考試的同學(xué)分別給出一些建議。
一、 初出茅廬
有很多首次參加雅思考試,盡管經(jīng)過(guò)了細(xì)致專業(yè)的培訓(xùn),仍然會(huì)在臨場(chǎng)時(shí)具有恐懼心理,害怕出現(xiàn)一些不可預(yù)知的問(wèn)題而導(dǎo)致影響發(fā)揮。事實(shí)上,根據(jù)以往學(xué)生反饋,盡管老師已在課堂上反復(fù)的說(shuō)明和反饋,還是有不少同學(xué)出現(xiàn)寫不完,字?jǐn)?shù)不夠,偏離題目和難以下筆的情況。
不得不說(shuō),在60分鐘內(nèi)完成兩篇總計(jì)400字的文章,并能較為通順準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)明信息和表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)對(duì)于非母語(yǔ)國(guó)家學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)較大的挑戰(zhàn)。作為首次參加雅思考試的考生,首先要戰(zhàn)勝的就是“速度”這個(gè)問(wèn)題。由于課程安排和時(shí)間限制,考生幾乎沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成文章。建議大家在完成平時(shí)寫作作業(yè)時(shí),要學(xué)會(huì)一氣呵成,以Task I控制在30分鐘以內(nèi),Task II控制在50分鐘內(nèi)為好,以便循序漸進(jìn)地把握寫作節(jié)奏。在考前的最后一周甚至兩周內(nèi),要保證至少完成兩套題的寫作,每次時(shí)間一定要嚴(yán)格按照考試規(guī)定的60分鐘進(jìn)行。根據(jù)完成情況對(duì)自己完成兩個(gè)任務(wù)的時(shí)間分別進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)和把握,避免輸在起跑線上,從字?jǐn)?shù)上失分。
除了時(shí)間的把握,提高速度最重要的就是“熟練”,筆者有時(shí)在課堂上跟學(xué)生開(kāi)玩笑說(shuō),在培訓(xùn)期間寫作是個(gè)“技術(shù)工種”,要學(xué)會(huì)如何去審題、構(gòu)思框架、琢磨觀點(diǎn)和寫出漂亮的句式,一旦到了考場(chǎng)上,寫作就成了“熟練工種”,練兵千日只為用兵一時(shí)。除了審題和根據(jù)題目現(xiàn)場(chǎng)構(gòu)思框架,基本上所有的任務(wù)都是在考前完成的。筆者認(rèn)為考生至少要準(zhǔn)備好以下幾個(gè)素材:
基本段落框架
許多學(xué)生在考完后抱怨考試時(shí)不能很好地發(fā)揮自己的水平,只能用上一些平時(shí)最熟悉的最簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯和句式。究其原因,還是因?yàn)楹芏嗟脑~匯句式只是“最熟悉的陌生人”,建議考生最好提前準(zhǔn)備好五個(gè)段落句式,并在考前練習(xí)套題時(shí)重復(fù)使用,以便在考場(chǎng)上可以正常發(fā)揮。Task II中,無(wú)論是Argument還是Report, 主體段落一般都是從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行說(shuō)明和入手的。每個(gè)段落筆者都做了一些范例以備考生參考。(斜體部分可替換)
① 原因段
- There are a combination of factors why a growing number of teenagers commit crimes.
- Several causes contribute to the phenomenon that many rare animals are on the verge of extinction.
- People usually attribute the global warming to human activities, such as deforestation, abuse of private cars, industrialization, etc.
- The excessive fishing results from the wide application of modern machinery.
② 影響段
Over fishing has exerted many influences on environment and people’s health.
③ 解決段
Several methods should be adopted to address the serious consequence caused by the overuse of private cars.
④ 優(yōu)點(diǎn)段
⑤缺點(diǎn)段
這兩個(gè)段落主要是為了應(yīng)付利弊分析段,建議考生多收集一些優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的不同表達(dá)“merit, drawback, demerit, shortcoming”等,在寫主題句時(shí)加以靈活替換。
2)常見(jiàn)順序詞
有了主題句,接下來(lái)段落會(huì)按照一定的邏輯順序逐一列舉說(shuō)明觀點(diǎn),順序詞就像是每個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的路標(biāo),能夠讓考官更快地定位到關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容,以下就是一些常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)供考生參考:
首先 First, Firstly, In the first place, To begin with, First of all
其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place
再次 Besides, In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore, What is more
最后 Finally, Above all, Lastly
也可以用一些句型來(lái)表示觀點(diǎn)的次序:
The most significant point is…
Another point to be noted is…
We cannot ignore the fact that…
在寫作時(shí),可以將順序詞和句型混合搭配使用,以達(dá)到變化的目的。
3)常用詞組
記憶一些高頻出現(xiàn)的詞組是組建句子的捷徑,考生可以借助以下現(xiàn)成的詞組更好更快地寫出高質(zhì)量的句子。
經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展 the rapid development of economy
人民生活水平的顯著提高/穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)the remarkable improvement/steady growth of people’s living standard/living quality
先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù) advanced science and technology
面臨新的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn) be confronted/faced with new opportunities and challenges
普遍認(rèn)為it is commonly/universally believed/recognized/acknowledged that…
社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果 the inevitable result of social development
引起了廣泛的公眾關(guān)注 arouse wide public concern/draw public attention
不可否認(rèn) It is undeniable/undoubted that…/There is no denying/doubt that…
熱烈的討論/爭(zhēng)論 a heated/fierce discussion/debate
有爭(zhēng)議性的問(wèn)題 a controversial issue
就…達(dá)到絕對(duì)的一致 reach an absolute consensus/agreement on…
有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用 play/perform an increasingly important role in…
對(duì)…必不可少 be indispensable/essential/necessary to …
對(duì)…產(chǎn)生有利/不利的影響 exert positive/negative effects on…
利遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
導(dǎo)致,引起 lead to/give rise to/contribute to/result in
考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
從另一個(gè)角度 from another perspective
對(duì)…有益 be beneficial/conducive to…
為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn) make contributions to the society
打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ) lay a solid foundation for…
應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn) admittedly/it is admitted that
滿足需求 satisfy/meet the needs/demands of…
方便快捷靈活舒適 convenient, efficient, flexibility and comfort
在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
科技的飛速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
對(duì)這一問(wèn)題持有不同態(tài)度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
支持前/后種觀點(diǎn)的人 people/those in favor of the former/latter opinion
有/提供如下理由/證據(jù) have/provide the following reasons/evidence
在一定程度上 to some extent/degree/in some way
…的必然趨勢(shì) an irresistible trend of…
交流思想/情感/信息 exchange ideas/emotions/ information
跟上…的最新發(fā)展 keep pace with/catch up with/keep abreast with the latest development of …
采取有效措施來(lái)… take effective measures to do sth.
對(duì)…觀點(diǎn)因人而異 Views on …vary from person to person.
有直接/間接/緊密關(guān)系 be directly/indirectly/closely(tightly) related to…
優(yōu)先考慮/發(fā)展… give (top) priority to sth.
與…比較 compared with…/in comparison with
代替 replace/substitute/take the place of
增進(jìn)相互了解 enhance/promote mutual understanding
保障社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定和繁榮 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society
適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展 adapt oneself to the development of society
有了這些基本素材,初次應(yīng)考的考生便可以“有備而戰(zhàn)“,在較短的時(shí)間里盡快下筆寫作。段落清晰、層次分明、句型詞匯得當(dāng),再輔以準(zhǔn)確地審題,這是雅思寫作制勝的第一步。