雅思寫(xiě)作中運(yùn)用不同語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是很重要的，很多烤鴨好像自動(dòng)把“寫(xiě)作”和“大作文”劃上了等號(hào)。其實(shí)不然，在小作文的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，同樣也有語(yǔ)法的維度。小作文的復(fù)雜句式該怎樣下筆去寫(xiě)呢?今天我們就一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧!

雅思小作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

5分：僅能使用有限的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)→句式重復(fù)較多

6分：綜合使用簡(jiǎn)單句式與復(fù)雜句式→可以使用一些簡(jiǎn)單句+復(fù)雜句

7分：運(yùn)用各種復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)→靈活使用，而不是一味使用最長(zhǎng)、最難的句式

從評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)里我們可以看出，想要得到6分及以上的評(píng)價(jià)，就得刻意去使用更多復(fù)雜的句型。

簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，簡(jiǎn)單句就是只有一套主謂的句子，比如：

John wanted a decent IELTS band score.

而復(fù)雜句型就包括從句、倒裝、被動(dòng)等各種句式，其實(shí)考官期待看到的復(fù)雜句型，和我們作為學(xué)習(xí)者理解的復(fù)雜句型，會(huì)有所出入。

01

連詞

2008 pass rates in Business, Science and Maths and Engineering were considerably lower in 2008 than in 2012, so the greastest level of improvement took place in these disciplines(科目).

這種句式是利用連詞將兩個(gè)句子連接在一起，通常連詞的用法沒(méi)有什么限制，要注意的就是根據(jù)使用場(chǎng)景：

■ 表原因結(jié)果，連接宏觀(guān)的規(guī)律和微觀(guān)數(shù)據(jù)

■ 表轉(zhuǎn)折讓步，進(jìn)行正反信息的對(duì)比

■ 表單純并列，羅列若干同類(lèi)信息

其它的連詞還有and、or、although、because、while、whereas等，通過(guò)連詞組成復(fù)雜句式是比較容易的手段，再舉幾個(gè)例子：

■ In contrast, the amount in Poland was 10 million initially, and then is increased slightly to 11 million before decreasing almost back to the figure in 1980, at 9.9 million.

■ Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams).

02

介詞

At just over 80% in 2012 and 70% in 2018, averagepass rates among Computer Science students were by far the highest.

這種是用了介詞，使得句子只用了一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的同時(shí)，保留了兩個(gè)信息點(diǎn)。其它推薦使用的介詞還有in/on/from...to.../between/by/until/with/for/at等。

再感受一下其用法：

■ The percentage change between the two years was clearly the most marked for those studying Business，from a modest 20% in 2008 to a considerably higher level (50%) in 2012.

■ In 1979, beef was the most popular of these food, with about 225 grams per person per week.

03

定語(yǔ)從句

2008 pass rates in Business, Science, and Maths and Engineering were considerably lower in 2008 than in 2012, which means that the greatest level of improvement took place in these disciplines.

對(duì)，這就是同學(xué)們都愛(ài)使用的定語(yǔ)從句，也是很好的組成復(fù)雜句的手段之一：

■ People in Turkey spent on food, drinks and tobacco with the largest percentage, which was 32.14%.

■ In 2009, personal needs and unexpected problems were each cited by around 10% of people, both of which grew to around 20% ten years later.

04

賓語(yǔ)從句

The chart provides information about how many employees were away from work in three different years and the reasons given.

這個(gè)句型叫賓語(yǔ)從句，常見(jiàn)于小作文的開(kāi)頭段，通常在對(duì)題目進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)時(shí)使用，其它的替換表達(dá)還有：The diagram/table/figure/illustration/graph + indicates/represents/shows/outlines...

比如：

■ The pie charts compare the distribution of water usage for different purposes among local residents during the period from 1988 to 2008.

■ The bar charts illustrates changes in the electricity rates in four states in Australia.

05

形式主語(yǔ)從句

It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.

這種句型叫形式主語(yǔ)從句，可以用來(lái)描述一些細(xì)節(jié)信息或者比較明顯的特征，

同學(xué)們還可以寫(xiě)：It is obvious that.../It is interesting to note that... 等

■ It is also interesting to note that almost all showed a decrease in 1994 in amount of goods transported except for the pipeline, which actually peaked in that year.

06

There be句型

There is a sharp rise in the next hour to reach its maximum before collapsing again to a lower level by the end of the day.

用There be句型非常適合用來(lái)描寫(xiě)小作文中的客觀(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，表示“有”或者“存在”的意思。

其它的例子還有：

■ There were no figures given for male part-time workers, but female part-time had forty hours of leisure time, only slightly more than women in full-time employment, perhaps reflecting their work in the home.

07

被動(dòng)句

By 2005, the time needed to produce a car had descended to just 21 hours.

被動(dòng)句也是小作文中很常用、且較易上手的復(fù)雜句式之一，當(dāng)描述對(duì)象是物體或流程時(shí)經(jīng)常用到，舉幾個(gè)例子：

■ Meanwhile, timber was the most popular product in 1980 but two decades later paper was produced more than the others.

■ By creating an enclosed(封閉的) environment, the lid(蓋子) on the top must be closed so there would be no smoke letting out.

08

倒裝句

After entering the venue, customers could see a cash desk on the right and in front of them were several round tables arranged in a circle.

倒裝句也是適合使用的復(fù)雜句式之一，常用在地圖題當(dāng)中，比如：

■ In the southeast and west part were many shops opened along new roads on both sides.

■ In the west was a river running from north to south.

建議同學(xué)們?nèi)绻朐诳紙?chǎng)上使用倒裝句，私下練習(xí)時(shí)一定要確保句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是正確的。

復(fù)雜句真的沒(méi)有大家想得那么難，但是也不能掉以輕心，犯下過(guò)多的錯(cuò)誤，所以建議同學(xué)們可以仿照在上面列出的句子，進(jìn)行一定量的改寫(xiě)練習(xí)，看自己比較擅長(zhǎng)哪些，在考場(chǎng)上發(fā)揮它們的優(yōu)勢(shì)哦!還想了解哪些英語(yǔ)內(nèi)容，可以來(lái)關(guān)注我們。

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