2. 段落結(jié)構(gòu)的句式

1). 分析解決型文章

分析解決型文章常常要求考生對(duì)題目所述現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行討論，說明原因、影響或解決方式。這類題目要求比較直接，段落多是以“總——分”方式架構(gòu)即“主題句——細(xì)節(jié)”。

劍六Test 4的Reading Passage3就提供了一個(gè)很好的范例。該文對(duì)校園中恃強(qiáng)凌弱的暴力行為進(jìn)行了說明，文章段落分布主要是：擺事實(shí)（校園暴力的表現(xiàn)形式及現(xiàn)狀）——說影響（校園暴力對(duì)受害者的心理危害）——查原因（導(dǎo)致學(xué)校對(duì)校園暴力關(guān)注提升的原因）——提辦法（四個(gè)解決校園暴力的方法）——做呼吁。不難看出，這一布局跟分析解決型文章有著驚人的相似，是極好的借鑒范本。其中值得參考的句式如下：

擺事實(shí)：“… can take a variety of forms, from…to…as well as… . A survey …found that…”。我們可以利用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)嘗試給青少年犯罪這一話題開個(gè)頭：In some countries, the rate of teenagers criminal acts is increasing. What are the reasons and give your measures to reduce it.（09.11.07）

具體如下：Juvenile delinquency can take a variety of forms, from theft to robbery as well as drug-related offences. Some surveys in recent years find that the rate of youth crimes is on a dramatic rise, even at an increasingly early age.

查原因：“… factors are involved in … . First is…. . Second, …. . For example,…. . Third, there is evidence that…. .”當(dāng)然，考生也可以根據(jù)具體情況對(duì)于其中三個(gè)原因所對(duì)應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞進(jìn)行替換。仍然是青少年犯罪的題目，我們也可以代入現(xiàn)成的句式：

Several factors are involved in the alarming trend. First is teenagers’ curiosity about and ignorance of laws… . Furthermore, some reasons are associated closely with the family background. For example, some young criminals imitate their parents after witnessing the domestic violence. Finally, there is evidence that society exerts some influence on young people.

最精彩的莫過于提辦法，考生可以仔細(xì)琢磨一下文章中的句式和結(jié)構(gòu)：

“Evidence suggests that a key step is to… . Other actions can be taken to …. . There are also ways of ….…, too.”

就連文章背后的summary題目也有很好的借鑒句式，“The most important step is for… to … . In addition, actions can be taken through… . Effective work can also be done with…will be more effective.”

我們可以根據(jù)自己的需要選擇一些句型來回答青少年犯罪的解決方式：

“The most important step is for school authorities to offer young students knowledge of laws and regulations, so that they can be prevented from crimes due to ignorance. Other actions can be taken to reverse the increase in the youth criminal rate, such as parental love and proper guidance. In addition, the society should attach enough importance to this phenomenon…”

總之，建議考生們可以對(duì)閱讀文章進(jìn)行模寫，學(xué)習(xí)英文的布局習(xí)慣，另外，詞匯的豐富和語法的多樣性也是值得注意的。反過來，如果能夠很好地構(gòu)建好寫作結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于閱讀技巧也是不無裨益的。