英語四級(jí)短文聽力攻略:材料篇
四級(jí)聽力考試中的短文聽力部分包括三篇短文,一般體裁各不相同,每篇短文提出三到四個(gè)問題,共十道題。短文和問題的錄音都只放一遍,要求考生從每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。近年來短文的篇幅比過去明顯加長了,每篇文章的詞數(shù)平均都在250詞左右。這三篇聽力短文的體裁一般有記敘文、說明文和議論文三種。題材十分廣泛,包羅萬象。
記敘文主要包括新聞、故事、人物傳記等,報(bào)道一個(gè)新聞事件,講述一個(gè)有趣的小故事,或記載一個(gè)人的人生經(jīng)歷,如中外歷史上杰出的政治家、科學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家的生平事跡??忌罁?jù)事件發(fā)展的順序或人物的經(jīng)歷,把握住文章的具體細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容,尤其要注意關(guān)鍵信息,如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、原因,以及人物傳記中對(duì)人物有重大意義的事件。此類文章語言相對(duì)簡單,內(nèi)容緊湊,但考查的細(xì)節(jié)題較多。考生應(yīng)快速瀏覽選項(xiàng),推測(cè)出短文的大致內(nèi)容,聽錄音時(shí)把注意力集中在關(guān)鍵信息上。
說明文主要包括文化教育類、社會(huì)制度類和科普研究類文章。文化教育類短文主要介紹英語國家的文化習(xí)俗、教育制度、風(fēng)土人情、藝術(shù)體育等等;社會(huì)制度類短文會(huì)介紹西方社會(huì)的某種具體制度或機(jī)構(gòu);而科普研究類短文介紹自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域里的新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新發(fā)明、新技術(shù),內(nèi)容涉及信息技術(shù)、天文地理、生物醫(yī)學(xué)等各個(gè)方面。由于說明文所涉及的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)廣泛,考生應(yīng)注意平時(shí)多閱讀、多積累,擴(kuò)大自己的知識(shí)面,尤其要注意西方文化與本國文化不同的地方,以及科學(xué)技術(shù)的新發(fā)展、新變化。中英文閱讀可兼而有之。知識(shí)是互相關(guān)聯(lián)的,考生在平時(shí)應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)自己分析歸納、觸類旁通的能力。文化教育類和社會(huì)制度類短文雖然題材廣泛,但此類文章一般內(nèi)容通俗易懂,句型結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單??忌赏ㄟ^篇首或篇尾的主題句推測(cè)文章內(nèi)容??破昭芯款愇恼峦强忌容^陌生的話題,句型結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,也會(huì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)生僻詞,增加了聽力理解的難度。但是此類文章的題目一般都較簡單,細(xì)節(jié)題較多,考生可邊聽邊看題目選項(xiàng),捕獲關(guān)鍵信息,放棄無關(guān)緊要的信息和聽不明白的詞。
議論文主要是社會(huì)現(xiàn)象與問題類的文章,例如文化教育、公共交通、能源環(huán)境、失業(yè)就業(yè)、婦女兒童、治安犯罪等等,涵蓋了經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、家庭、社會(huì)等方面,題材也很廣泛。這類短文中所涉及的問題通常是社會(huì)所關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題,通過對(duì)這些問題與現(xiàn)象的分析,闡述作者自己的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度??忌诼犱浺魰r(shí),應(yīng)快速瀏覽選項(xiàng),預(yù)測(cè)短文內(nèi)容。聽時(shí)注意作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度以及支撐其觀點(diǎn)所列舉的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)。在做題時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)所聽到的內(nèi)容選擇最佳選項(xiàng),千萬不能根據(jù)自己的主觀想法推測(cè)。這類文章的主題句一般在段首或段尾,設(shè)置的問題多是主旨大意題和造成現(xiàn)象問題的原因類題??忌鷳?yīng)集中注意力聽清主題句,并預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)、預(yù)測(cè)問題,帶著問題聽錄音。
短文聽力是四級(jí)聽力考試中較難的一種題型,考生需要較高的聽力理解能力。英語的聽、說、讀、寫、譯五個(gè)方面密不可分,聽力能力的訓(xùn)練應(yīng)和其他幾個(gè)方面的訓(xùn)練結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行。了解了短文聽力的體裁、題材和選材方向,掌握了正確的方法,加上持之以恒的訓(xùn)練,同學(xué)們會(huì)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。下面我們來看一下聽力短文中的命題特點(diǎn)和解題技巧。
聽力原文
Obtaining good health insurance is a real necessity while you are studying overseas. It protects you from minor and major medical expenses that can wipe out not only your savings but your dreams of an education abroad. There are often two different types of health insurance you can consider buying, international travel insurance and student insurance in the country where you will be go-ing.
An international travel insurance policy is usually purchased in your home country before you go abroad. It generally covers a wide variety of medical services and you are often given a list of doctors in the area where you will travel who may even speak your native language. The drawback might be that you may not get your money back immediately. In other words, you may have to pay all your medical expenses and then later submit your receipts to the insurance company.
On the other hand, getting student health insurance in the country where you will study might allow you to only pay a certain percentage of the medical cost at the time of service and thus you don't have to have sufficient cash to pay the entire bill at once. Whatever you decide, obtaining some form of health insurance is something you should consider before you go overseas. You shouldn't wait until you are sick with major medical bills to pay off.
Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. Why does the speaker advise the overseas students to buy health insurance?
34. What is the drawback of the students buying international travel insurance?
35. What does the speaker say about students getting health insurance in the country where they will study?
答案&解析
本文是一篇說明文,題材屬于文化教育類。作者闡述了留學(xué)生上醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的好處,介紹了兩種保險(xiǎn)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)??焖贋g覽選項(xiàng)后,從medical, doctors, insurance, pay, receipt 等詞可推測(cè)這是一篇有關(guān)醫(yī)療及保險(xiǎn)方面的短文,勢(shì)必會(huì)講到優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)方面的問題,注意文章的開頭和結(jié)尾,注意表示轉(zhuǎn)折等的信號(hào)詞。
33. 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段提到"It protects you from minor and major medical expenses that can wipe out not only your savings but your dreams of an education abroad."這句話意為:醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)可以節(jié)約你在生病時(shí)大大小小的醫(yī)療花費(fèi),這些花費(fèi)不僅會(huì)花光你的積蓄,而且會(huì)使你在國外求學(xué)的夢(mèng)想破滅??梢源_定,答案是D)。
34. 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段提到"The drawback might be that you may not get your money back immediately. In other words, you may have to pay all your medical expenses and then later submit your receipts to the insurance company."這句話意為:缺點(diǎn)是你很可能無法立刻拿回你所支付的款項(xiàng),換句話說,你必須先支付所有的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用,之后再提交所有的收據(jù)以獲得賠償。由于事先預(yù)測(cè)文中會(huì)談到事物的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),所以當(dāng)文中出現(xiàn)drawback時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意。而且in other words后的是重復(fù)信息,是作者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的地方,也應(yīng)注意。本題答案是D)。
35. 細(xì)節(jié)題。因?yàn)橹耙呀?jīng)提到一種保險(xiǎn)方式,所以考生在聽到on the other hand時(shí)應(yīng)立刻想到接下來要介紹另一種保險(xiǎn)方式。極端化的表達(dá)only更應(yīng)引起注意。文章第三段提到"On the other hand, getting student health insurance in the country where you will study might allow you to only pay a certain percentage of the medical cost at the time of service and thus you don't have to have sufficient cash to pay the entire bill at once."這句話意為:另一方面,在海外學(xué)習(xí)的地方所購買的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)允許你在使用該服務(wù)時(shí)只支付部分醫(yī)療費(fèi)用,這樣你就不用必須有充裕的現(xiàn)金一次支付全額醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。答案是C)。
提醒:滬江考后放出2013年6月英語四級(jí)答案及真題下載信息