滬江網(wǎng)校:六級(jí)完型填空技巧總結(jié)及備考建議
2011年6月六級(jí)考試已經(jīng)落下帷幕,今天主要談一談這次六級(jí)完型填空的題型特點(diǎn)、解題技巧以及備考建議。
一、題型特點(diǎn)
與四級(jí)考試不同,六級(jí)考試取材來源較為廣泛。從往年的真題來看,材料大都是節(jié)選自英美報(bào)刊雜志或網(wǎng)站的原文,今年的完形填空也是如此,它取材于2010年5月份發(fā)表于英國《衛(wèi)報(bào)》的一篇文章。原文如下:
Organised volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to employers?[名詞1:需要通篇理解才能給出答案。] to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate's CV, but [關(guān)聯(lián)詞1:上一句的關(guān)鍵詞是usually, 講述的是“通常的情況”,與“現(xiàn)在的情況”形成對(duì)比。因此選but。]?now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalise the achievements of students who devote [動(dòng)詞1:這里需要一個(gè)和to搭配的動(dòng)詞,表達(dá)“投入”之意,因此只有devote符合。] time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLuS aims to boost students in an increasingly competitive [形容詞1:全文都在講述學(xué)生找工作,這里的“人才市場”競爭激烈,才符合題意,因此competitive符合。] jobs market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside academic [形容詞2:本句里有個(gè)alongside,相當(dāng)于beside,這里指課外實(shí)踐以外的方面,當(dāng)然就是academic] qualifications.
"Our students are a pretty active bunch but we found that they didn't necessarily [副詞1:這里需要一個(gè)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞appreciate,根據(jù)but前后的邏輯,我們應(yīng)該選擇necessarily,表示“必然; 必定”: Big men aren't necessarily strong men. 高大的人不一定強(qiáng)壯.] appreciate the value of what they did outside [介詞1:根據(jù)全文的大意,這里的appreciate要接“課外實(shí)踐”作賓語]?the lecture hall," says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university. "Employers are much more demanding [形容詞3:根據(jù)下文的描述,我們可以知道“現(xiàn)在的雇主要比原先苛刻很多”,所以這里需要填上demanding] than they used to be. They used to look for potential [名詞2:根據(jù)本段最后一句,Now后面的描述,我們知道,原先并不是這樣,原先只注重應(yīng)聘者的潛力,其實(shí)“saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicant’s skills”也是一個(gè)佐證。這里我們可以回過頭看看一下第一個(gè)空,不難看出,應(yīng)填雇主!]?and saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicant's skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are relevant [形容詞4:這里需要一個(gè)和to 搭配的形容詞,根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句,我們很好判斷出答案選擇relevant]?to the job."
Students who sign up [介詞2:本空考察動(dòng)詞短語,sign up for 表示“登記報(bào)名”,這里是符合題意的] for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or voluntary [形容詞5:根據(jù)文章第一句,這里很好判斷,應(yīng)該是voluntary,表示義工]?work, attend four workshops on employability skills, including interview techniques, take part in an intensive skills-related activity and [關(guān)聯(lián)詞2:這里是幾個(gè)動(dòng)作的順承,應(yīng)該用and], crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained. Exceptional [形容詞6:Exceptional 這里需要形容詞修飾efforts。exceptional,特別的,卓越的。2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)閉幕式上,奧委會(huì)主席羅格就用了exceptional這個(gè)詞來形容這場盛世。什么樣的成績可以得獎(jiǎng)呢?當(dāng)然是優(yōu)秀的成績] efforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who perform [動(dòng)詞2:perform,表現(xiàn)。學(xué)生、員工的“表現(xiàn)”,通常用perform/performance這個(gè)詞] best on the sports field can take the Sporting PluS Award which fosters employer-friendly sports accomplishments.
The experience does not have to be formally [副詞2:formally 這里需要副詞修飾動(dòng)詞organised。可以從Goodman后面舉的例子上來判斷,學(xué)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)不需要非要正式。] organised. "We're not just interested in easily identifiable skills," says Goodman. "For instance [關(guān)聯(lián)詞3:For instance 下面開始舉例,故選擇此項(xiàng)。In contrast,相反;In essence,本質(zhì)上;Of course,當(dāng)然。], one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so demonstrated [動(dòng)詞3:demonstrated 詞義辨析題。這里需要?jiǎng)釉~,與skills聯(lián)系。demonstrate,展示;operate,操作;determine,決定;involve,卷入、包括。學(xué)生通過實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),展現(xiàn)自己的談判技巧。] negotiation skills. We try to make the experience relevant to individual lives. If you're a mature student grappling with family life you're not going to have time to be president of the climbing club, so we'll need to look for life experience closer to home."
Goodman hopes the scheme [名詞3:scheme 詞義辨析。device,設(shè)備;section,部分;scheme,計(jì)劃;distraction,分心。這里指的是Bristol PLuS這項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)計(jì)劃。]?will enable active students to fill in any gaps in their experience and encourage their less-proactive peers [名詞4:peers 詞義辨析。attendant,出席者;member,會(huì)員;agent,經(jīng)紀(jì)人;peer,同齡人。] to take up activities outside their academic remit.
本次六級(jí)完型填空考查了4處名詞,3處連詞,3處動(dòng)詞,6處形容詞,2處介詞,2處副詞。只有少數(shù)幾處能通過微觀層面的語法搭配判定選項(xiàng),其他大部分都需要通篇理解,因此有一定難度。
二、解題技巧
技巧一:首先迅速閱讀一遍短文,了解文章大意、結(jié)構(gòu)、以及各部分的邏輯關(guān)系。如果時(shí)間不多或閱讀能力比較強(qiáng)的學(xué)生,可以邊閱讀邊做題。對(duì)不需要上下文、相對(duì)獨(dú)立的考點(diǎn)(如固定詞組,主謂搭配,詞義考察等)可馬上選擇正確答案,對(duì)需要上下文的考點(diǎn)(如連詞,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)等)則暫時(shí)跳過,等看完整段或全文后再選擇。
技巧二:語法題:完型填空中有相當(dāng)一部分考題是語法題,要求學(xué)生熟練掌握和運(yùn)用語法知識(shí),做出正確選擇。語法包括時(shí)態(tài)、語氣、非謂語動(dòng)詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞、分句、主動(dòng)被動(dòng)及慣用法等語法現(xiàn)象。(這類題近幾年六級(jí)已幾乎不再出現(xiàn),可見四六級(jí)考試已逐漸拉開了難度,值得各位考生重視)
技巧三:詞匯題:完型填空的詞語題一種是詞義辨析題,另一種是單純的測試詞義的題。要做好詞匯題,考生應(yīng)掌握詞匯的內(nèi)涵、外延和語法功能,了解近義詞的細(xì)微差異。
技巧四:句與句之間的關(guān)系:對(duì)于這類試題,第一要掌握表示過渡的連接語的用法和含義,如because表示因果關(guān)系,but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。第二在沒有過渡語的情況下,要結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行推理和判斷,分清句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
技巧五:整理理解,宏觀上把握了以后,再選擇。一般情況下,需要最后回過頭定奪的選項(xiàng)不超過3個(gè)。這個(gè)時(shí)候,需要問自己幾個(gè)問題,如,本文的主題是什么,作者對(duì)主旨的態(tài)度如何等等。
三、備考建議
完形主要考三方面的內(nèi)容:單詞,短語詞組和邏輯,三個(gè)方面同等重要。
1. 完形填空所涉及的詞匯題主要考查難詞識(shí)別、近義詞辨析和形近易混詞的辨析。難詞辨析指的是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置為沒有相互聯(lián)系的難詞,僅僅考查考生對(duì)難詞詞義的識(shí)別,只要你認(rèn)識(shí),就做的出來,不認(rèn)識(shí),就束手無策。
重點(diǎn)關(guān)注:名詞,形容詞和副詞
2. 短語搭配是比較容易拿分的項(xiàng)目。很多情況下,無需聯(lián)系上下文,只需要理解一個(gè)單句,就可以順利根據(jù)固定搭配選出答案。
重點(diǎn)關(guān)注:常用動(dòng)詞和介詞的固定搭配。
3. 完形填空本身就是一種邏輯測試,在考題中,邏輯的考點(diǎn)主要考查句子與句子的銜接,以及篇章整體的結(jié)構(gòu)一致性和協(xié)調(diào)性。眾所周知,一個(gè)完整的語篇一定有嚴(yán)密的邏輯,更何況是完形填空這種補(bǔ)全性的考題。而邏輯關(guān)系最明顯的標(biāo)志就是邏輯銜接詞。六級(jí)上下句邏輯銜接考題以因果、轉(zhuǎn)折和舉例為主
特定的邏輯關(guān)系需要特定的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,在平時(shí)的閱讀中,遇到關(guān)聯(lián)詞的時(shí)候,要細(xì)細(xì)玩味,養(yǎng)成這個(gè)習(xí)慣,六級(jí)完型填空里最容易投機(jī)取巧的分?jǐn)?shù)就可以拿到了。
總之,完形填空作為一種綜合性測試題型,覆蓋了詞匯,語法,閱讀理解,寫作等考試目標(biāo)的全部內(nèi)容,練習(xí)完形填空不僅能夠培養(yǎng)邊讀邊預(yù)測或猜測,驗(yàn)證或推理的積極思維的良好閱讀習(xí)慣,還能逐步掌握猜詞的策略,最終使得猜測演變成為下意識(shí)的心理活動(dòng),從而促成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。
將“讀句子”上升為“讀文章”不失為備考完型填空方法之一!
希望各位考生能取得進(jìn)步。