兩會內(nèi)容中英詳細(xì)對照
第一,推動重要領(lǐng)域改革取得新突破。要以經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革為重點,更多釋放改革紅利。一是深入推進(jìn)行政體制改革。今年要再取消和下放行政審批事項200項以上。確需設(shè)置的行政審批事項,要建立權(quán)力清單制度,一律向社會公開。清單之外的,一律不得實施審批。全面清理非行政審批事項。基本完成省市縣政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革,繼續(xù)推進(jìn)事業(yè)單位改革。二是抓好財稅體制改革這個重頭戲。著力把所有政府性收入納入預(yù)算,實行全口徑預(yù)算管理。各級政府預(yù)算、決算和“三公”經(jīng)費都要向社會公開,打造陽光財政。提高一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付比例,逐步理順中央與地方收入劃分,把地方政府性債務(wù)納入預(yù)算管理,防范和化解債務(wù)風(fēng)險。三是深化金融體制改革。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)利率市場化,擴(kuò)大金融機(jī)構(gòu)利率自主定價權(quán)。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)由民間資本發(fā)起設(shè)立中小型銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu),引導(dǎo)民間資本參股、投資金融機(jī)構(gòu)及融資中介服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。實施政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革。積極發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)保險,探索建立巨災(zāi)保險制度。讓金融成為一池活水,更好地澆灌小微企業(yè)、“三農(nóng)”等實體經(jīng)濟(jì)之樹。四是增強(qiáng)各類所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)活力。優(yōu)化國有經(jīng)濟(jì)布局和結(jié)構(gòu),加快發(fā)展混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì),建立健全現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度和公司法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)。在更多領(lǐng)域放開競爭性業(yè)務(wù),完善產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度。
第二,開創(chuàng)高水平對外開放新局面。要構(gòu)建開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制,推動新一輪對外開放。一是擴(kuò)大全方位主動開放。堅持積極有效利用外資,推動服務(wù)業(yè)擴(kuò)大開放。擴(kuò)展內(nèi)陸沿邊開放。從戰(zhàn)略高度推動出口升級和貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展。二是在走出去中提升競爭力。抓緊規(guī)劃建設(shè)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶、21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路,推出一批重大支撐項目,加快基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通。三是統(tǒng)籌多雙邊和區(qū)域開放合作。堅持推動貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化,實現(xiàn)與各國互利共贏,形成對外開放與改革發(fā)展良性互動新格局。
第三,增強(qiáng)內(nèi)需拉動經(jīng)濟(jì)的主引擎作用。要發(fā)揮好消費的基礎(chǔ)作用和投資的關(guān)鍵作用,打造新的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)支撐帶,構(gòu)建擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需長效機(jī)制。一是把消費作為擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需的主要著力點。通過增加居民收入提高消費能力,完善消費政策,培育消費熱點。要擴(kuò)大服務(wù)消費,促進(jìn)信息消費,深化流通體制改革,降低流通成本。二是把投資作為穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的關(guān)鍵。加快投融資體制改革,推進(jìn)投資主體多元化,優(yōu)化投資結(jié)構(gòu),保持固定資產(chǎn)投資合理增長。中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資重點投向保障性安居工程、農(nóng)業(yè)、重大水利、中西部鐵路、節(jié)能環(huán)保、社會事業(yè)等領(lǐng)域。三是把培育新的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)帶作為推動發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略支撐。深入實施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略,優(yōu)先推進(jìn)西部大開發(fā),加大對革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)支持力度。要謀劃區(qū)域發(fā)展新棋局,推進(jìn)梯度發(fā)展。以海陸重點口岸為支點,形成與沿海連接的西南中南、東北、西北等經(jīng)濟(jì)支撐帶,形成新的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長極。要堅持陸海統(tǒng)籌,全面實施海洋戰(zhàn)略,大力建設(shè)海洋強(qiáng)國。
第四,促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和農(nóng)村改革發(fā)展。要堅持把解決好“三農(nóng)”問題放在全部工作的重中之重,以保障國家糧食安全和促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收為核心,推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化,增強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力,確保谷物基本自給、口糧絕對安全。一是強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護(hù)政策。探索建立農(nóng)產(chǎn)品目標(biāo)價格制度,市場價格過低時對生產(chǎn)者進(jìn)行補貼,過高時對低收入消費者進(jìn)行補貼。農(nóng)業(yè)新增補貼向糧食等重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體、主產(chǎn)區(qū)傾斜。統(tǒng)籌整合涉農(nóng)資金,確保農(nóng)業(yè)投入只增不減。二是夯實農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。國家集中力量建設(shè)一批重大水利工程,各地要加強(qiáng)中小型水利項目建設(shè),解決好用水“最后一公里”問題。完善農(nóng)村水電路氣信等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,改造農(nóng)村危房260萬戶,改建農(nóng)村公路20萬公里。高度重視農(nóng)村留守兒童、婦女、老人和“空心村”問題。今年再解決6000萬農(nóng)村人口的飲水安全問題。三是積極推進(jìn)農(nóng)村改革。堅持和完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營制度,賦予農(nóng)民更多財產(chǎn)權(quán)利。保持農(nóng)村土地承包關(guān)系長久不變,抓緊土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)及農(nóng)村集體建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)確權(quán)登記頒證工作,引導(dǎo)承包地經(jīng)營權(quán)有序流轉(zhuǎn),慎重穩(wěn)妥進(jìn)行農(nóng)村土地制度改革試點。堅持家庭經(jīng)營基礎(chǔ)性地位,培育新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體,發(fā)展多種形式適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營。完善集體林權(quán)制度改革。加快國有農(nóng)牧林場改革。四是創(chuàng)新扶貧開發(fā)方式。加快推進(jìn)集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)區(qū)域發(fā)展與扶貧攻堅。我們要繼續(xù)向貧困宣戰(zhàn),決不讓貧困代代相傳。國家加大對跨區(qū)域重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)作的支持,加強(qiáng)生態(tài)保護(hù)和基本公共服務(wù)。地方要優(yōu)化整合扶貧資源,實行精準(zhǔn)扶貧,確保扶貧到村到戶,今年再減少農(nóng)村貧困人口1000萬人以上。
第五,推進(jìn)以人為核心的新型城鎮(zhèn)化。要健全城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化體制機(jī)制,堅持走以人為本、四化同步、優(yōu)化布局、生態(tài)文明、傳承文化的新型城鎮(zhèn)化道路,著重解決好現(xiàn)有“三個1億人”問題,促進(jìn)約1億農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口落戶城鎮(zhèn),改造約1億人居住的城鎮(zhèn)棚戶區(qū)和城中村,引導(dǎo)約1億人在中西部地區(qū)就近城鎮(zhèn)化。一是有序推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化。推動戶籍制度改革,建立居住證制度。使更多進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員隨遷子女納入城鎮(zhèn)教育、實現(xiàn)異地升學(xué),實施農(nóng)民工職業(yè)技能提升計劃。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)常住人口全覆蓋。二是加大對中西部地區(qū)新型城鎮(zhèn)化的支持。提高產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和集聚人口能力,促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口就近從業(yè)。加快推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),增強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)城市群和城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展后勁。三是加強(qiáng)城鎮(zhèn)化管理創(chuàng)新和機(jī)制建設(shè)。要更大規(guī)模加快棚戶區(qū)改造,決不能一邊高樓林立,一邊棚戶連片。加強(qiáng)小城鎮(zhèn)和村莊規(guī)劃管理。通過提高建設(shè)和管理水平,讓我們的城鎮(zhèn)各具特色、宜業(yè)宜居,更加充滿活力。
第六,以創(chuàng)新支撐和引領(lǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級。要把創(chuàng)新擺在國家發(fā)展全局的核心位置,促進(jìn)科技與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展緊密結(jié)合,推動我國產(chǎn)業(yè)向全球價值鏈高端躍升。一是加快科技體制改革。強(qiáng)化企業(yè)在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中的主體地位,全面落實企業(yè)研發(fā)費用加計扣除等普惠性措施。加大政府對基礎(chǔ)研究、前沿技術(shù)、社會公益技術(shù)、重大共性關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的投入。二是產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整要依靠改革,進(jìn)退并舉。進(jìn),要更加積極有為,促進(jìn)信息化與工業(yè)化深度融合,推動企業(yè)加快技術(shù)改造,增強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力。退,要更加主動有序,堅持通過市場競爭實現(xiàn)優(yōu)勝劣汰,鼓勵企業(yè)兼并重組。對產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過剩行業(yè),強(qiáng)化環(huán)保、能耗、技術(shù)等標(biāo)準(zhǔn),清理各種優(yōu)惠政策,消化一批存量,嚴(yán)控新上增量。
第七,加強(qiáng)教育、衛(wèi)生、文化等社會建設(shè)。要深化社會體制改革,以更大的投入和更有力的舉措,推動經(jīng)濟(jì)社會協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。一是促進(jìn)教育事業(yè)優(yōu)先發(fā)展、公平發(fā)展。繼續(xù)加大教育資源向中西部和農(nóng)村傾斜,促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展。全面改善貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育薄弱學(xué)校辦學(xué)條件,加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村特別是邊遠(yuǎn)貧困地區(qū)教師隊伍建設(shè)。加快構(gòu)建以就業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系。二是推動醫(yī)改向縱深發(fā)展。鞏固全民基本醫(yī)保,通過改革整合城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)療保險制度。完善政府、單位和個人合理分擔(dān)的基本醫(yī)療保險籌資機(jī)制,在全國推行城鄉(xiāng)居民大病保險。擴(kuò)大城市和縣級公立醫(yī)院綜合改革試點。破除以藥補醫(yī),理順醫(yī)藥價格,創(chuàng)新社會資本辦醫(yī)機(jī)制。三是要培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀,加強(qiáng)公民道德和精神文明建設(shè)。文化是民族的血脈。繼續(xù)深化文化體制改革,完善文化經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,增強(qiáng)文化整體實力和競爭力。四是推進(jìn)社會治理創(chuàng)新。注重運用法治方式,實行多元主體共同治理。更好發(fā)揮社會組織在公共服務(wù)和社會治理中的作用。加強(qiáng)應(yīng)急管理,提高公共安全和防災(zāi)救災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力。改革信訪工作制度,及時就近化解社會矛盾。加強(qiáng)社會治安綜合治理,堅決打擊暴力恐怖犯罪活動,維護(hù)國家安全,形成良好社會秩序,共同建設(shè)平安中國。
第八,統(tǒng)籌做好保障和改善民生工作。民惟邦本,本固邦寧。要堅持建機(jī)制、補短板、兜底線,保障群眾基本生活,不斷提高人民生活水平和質(zhì)量。一是堅持實施就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略和更加積極的就業(yè)政策。就業(yè)是民生之本,要不斷優(yōu)化就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境,以創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)創(chuàng)業(yè),以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)。加大對城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員幫扶力度,確保“零就業(yè)”家庭至少有一人就業(yè),做好淘汰落后產(chǎn)能職工安置和再就業(yè)工作。二要深化收入分配體制改革。收入是民生之源,要努力縮小收入差距,健全企業(yè)職工工資決定和正常增長機(jī)制,加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)國有企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人薪酬管理。改革機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位工資制度,在事業(yè)單位逐步推行績效工資。三是重點推進(jìn)社會救助制度改革。社保是民生之基,要繼續(xù)提高城鄉(xiāng)低保水平,建立統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險制度,改革機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險制度。發(fā)展老齡事業(yè),保障婦女權(quán)益,關(guān)心青少年發(fā)展。四是完善住房保障機(jī)制。以全體人民住有所居為目標(biāo),堅持分類指導(dǎo)、分步實施、分級負(fù)責(zé),加大保障性安居工程建設(shè)力度,今年新開工700萬套以上,其中各類棚戶區(qū)470萬套以上,加強(qiáng)配套設(shè)施建設(shè)。五要全面落實安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制。要大力整頓和規(guī)范市場秩序,建立從生產(chǎn)加工到流通消費的全程監(jiān)管機(jī)制、社會共治制度和可追溯體系。嚴(yán)守法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),用最嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管、最嚴(yán)厲的處罰、最嚴(yán)肅的問責(zé),堅決治理餐桌上的污染,切實保障“舌尖上的安全”。
第九,努力建設(shè)生態(tài)文明的美好家園。生態(tài)文明建設(shè)關(guān)系人民生活,關(guān)乎民族未來。必須加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù),下決心用硬措施完成硬任務(wù)。一是出重拳強(qiáng)化污染防治。我們要像對貧困宣戰(zhàn)一樣,堅決向污染宣戰(zhàn)。要深入實施大氣污染防治行動計劃。實施清潔水行動計劃,加強(qiáng)飲用水源保護(hù),推進(jìn)重點流域污染治理。實施土壤修復(fù)工程。整治農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染,建設(shè)美麗鄉(xiāng)村。二是推動能源生產(chǎn)和消費方式變革。加大節(jié)能減排力度,控制能源消費總量,提高非化石能源發(fā)電比重,發(fā)展清潔生產(chǎn)、綠色低碳技術(shù)和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。三是推進(jìn)生態(tài)保護(hù)與建設(shè)。繼續(xù)實施退耕還林還草,今年擬安排500萬畝。實施退牧還草、天然林保護(hù)、防沙治沙、水土保持、石漠化治理、濕地恢復(fù)等重大生態(tài)工程。落實主體功能區(qū)制度,探索建立跨區(qū)域、跨流域生態(tài)補償機(jī)制。各級政府和全社會都要進(jìn)一步積極行動起來,呵護(hù)好我們賴以生存的共同家園。
First, to promote the reform of key areas to achieve new breakthroughs. To focus on economic reform, the more the release of reform dividends. First, to further promote the reform of the administrative system. This year to cancel and decentralization of administrative examination and approval items more than 200. Do need to set up the administrative examination and approval items, to establish a list of power system, all open to the public. Out of the list, shall not be implemented for approval. Comprehensive clean-up of non administrative examination and approval items. Basic completion of the provincial cities and counties in the reform of government institutions to continue to promote the reform of public institutions. The two is to grasp the highlight of the reform of the taxation system. Focus on all government revenue into the budget, the implementation of full bore budget management. Governments at all levels of budget, final accounts and three funds should be open to the public, to create the sun financial. Increase the proportion of general transfer payments, and gradually straighten out the central and local income division, the local government debt into the budget management, prevent and resolve the debt risk. Three is to deepen the reform of the financial system. Continue to promote the interest rate market, the expansion of financial institutions interest rates independent pricing. Steadily promote the establishment of small and medium banks and other financial institutions, private capital to guide private capital shares, investment banking institutions and financial intermediary services. Implementing the reform of the policy oriented financial institutions. Active development of agricultural insurance, to explore the establishment of catastrophe insurance system. Let finance become a pool of living water, better irrigation of small and micro enterprises, three rural and other entities of the economic tree. Four is to enhance the economic vitality of all types of ownership. Optimize the layout and structure of state-owned economy, accelerate the development of mixed ownership economy, establish and improve the modern enterprise system and corporate governance structure. In more areas to open up a competitive business, improve the system of property rights protection.
Second, create a high level of opening up a new situation. To build a new system of open economy, and promote a new round of opening up to the outside world. First is to expand the initiative to open a full range of. Adhere to the positive and effective use of foreign investment, and promote the opening up of the service sector. The expansion of inland open border. From a strategic height to promote export upgrading and trade balance development. Two is to go out to enhance competitiveness. Pay close attention to the planning and construction of the Silk Road Economic Zone, the maritime Silk Road in twenty-first Century, launched a number of major support projects to speed up infrastructure interconnection. Three is to co-ordinate more bilateral and regional open cooperation. To promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, to achieve mutual benefit and win-win situation, the formation of a new pattern of positive interaction between opening up and reform and development.
Third, enhance the role of domestic demand driven economy of the main engine. To play a key role in the basic role of consumption and investment, to create a new area of economic support, to build long-term mechanism to expand domestic demand. First, the consumption as the main focus of expanding domestic demand. By increasing the income of residents to improve the ability to consume, improve the consumption policy, cultivate a hot consumer. To expand the consumption of services, promote information consumption, deepen the reform of circulation system, reduce the cost of circulation. Two is the investment as the key to stable economic growth. Accelerate investment and financing system reform, promote investment diversification, optimize the investment structure, to maintain a reasonable growth of investment in fixed assets. Investment focus on the central budget to invest in affordable housing projects, agriculture, major water conservancy, central and Western railways, energy saving and environmental protection, social undertakings and other fields. Three is to foster a new regional economic zone as a strategic support to promote the development of. We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development, promote the great western development priorities, increase the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to support efforts. To plan a new game for regional development, promote the development of the gradient. To focus on land and sea ports as a fulcrum, the formation and the southwest coast of connected south, northeast, northwest and other economic supports, the formation of new regional economic growth pole. To insist on co-ordination, the full implementation of the marine strategy, to promote the construction of marine power.
Fourth, to promote agricultural modernization and rural reform and development. To adhere to the priority among priorities to solve the "three rural" problem in all the work, to ensure national food security and increase farmers' income, promoting agricultural modernization, enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, to ensure grain self-sufficiency, rations absolutely safe. One is to strengthen the protection of agricultural support policies. Explore the establishment of agricultural target price system, when the market price is too low to subsidize producers, when too high subsidies for low-income consumers. New agricultural subsidies to grain and other important agricultural products, new agricultural business entities, the main producing areas tilt. To co-ordinate the integration of agriculture related funds, to ensure that agricultural inputs not only increase. Two is to lay a solid foundation for the development of agricultural and rural areas. National focus on the construction of a number of major water conservancy projects, all localities should strengthen the construction of small and medium sized water conservancy projects, to solve the water "last mile" problem. To improve the rural water circuit gas letters and other infrastructure, renovation of dilapidated buildings in rural areas 2 million 600 thousand, 200 thousand kilometers of rural roads reconstruction. Attach great importance to the rural left behind children, women, the elderly and the "hollow village" problem. This year to solve the problem of drinking water safety of 60 million rural population. Three is to actively promote the reform of rural areas. Adhere to and improve the basic rural management system, giving farmers more property rights. To maintain the rural land contract relationships remain unchanged for a long time, and pay close attention to the right of the rural collective construction land contracting right registration certification land use rights, to guide the orderly transfer of contracted land management rights, carefully and steadily carry out the pilot reform of rural land system. Adhere to the basic position of the family business, cultivate new agricultural business entities, the development of various forms of moderate scale management. Perfecting the reform of collective forest right system. Speeding up the reform of state owned farming and animal husbandry farm. Four is to innovate the way of poverty alleviation and development. accelerate