1

小編導(dǎo)讀：

我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中，總會(huì)碰到各種各樣的外來(lái)詞匯，其中有10個(gè)單詞我們只能在英語(yǔ)中找到。也就是說(shuō)，如果你在學(xué)習(xí)其他語(yǔ)言的時(shí)候碰到這10個(gè)單詞，那都是向英語(yǔ)借的！究竟是哪10個(gè)單詞呢？

Cheesy
虛偽的

Other languages have words that mean false, tacky, or trying too hard, but only the English slang term "cheesy" can fully express something so fake that it stinks like Camembert.
其他語(yǔ)言中都有含義為“錯(cuò)誤的，低劣的，或刻意的”這樣的詞，但只有英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)“cheesy”能完全表達(dá)出“某物假的就像難聞的卡芒貝爾干酪”這樣的意思。

For example, "He came up to me at the bar with this big cheesy grin on his face and said, 'Did it hurt when you fell from heaven?'"
例如，“在酒吧里，他走向我，臉上掛著虛偽的笑容并說(shuō)道，‘你從天堂落下來(lái)的時(shí)候受傷了嗎？’”

（翻譯：Dlacus）

2

Pimp
男皮條客

Surely this word's transformation is one of the strangest in the English language. According to Merriam-Webster, men who exploit prostitutes have been called "pimps" since the 1700s.
這個(gè)單詞的含義轉(zhuǎn)變確實(shí)是最奇怪的英語(yǔ)詞義變化之一了。根據(jù)韋氏詞典的解釋，從18世紀(jì)起，拉皮條的男子就被叫做“pimps”。

But only in English has "pimp" become a humorous, semi-favorable verb, meaning to refurbish something, to make it super-fancy, as in the reality TV show Pimp My Ride.
不過(guò)只有在英語(yǔ)里，“pimp”還是一個(gè)幽默的、有半稱贊意味的動(dòng)詞，意思是刷新某物使其變得更好，如真人秀節(jié)目“Pime My Ride”（《嘻哈飆車族》）中的“pimp”就是這個(gè)意思。

3

Serendipity
意外發(fā)現(xiàn)珍貴物品的天賦才能

According to Merriam-Webster, serendipity, which means the state of finding pleasant or desirable things by accident, comes from Serendip, an ancient name for Sri Lanka.
在韋氏詞典中，“serendipity”這個(gè)詞的意思是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)令人愉快或值得擁有的事物的狀態(tài)，這個(gè)詞出自斯里蘭卡的一個(gè)古老的名字“Serendip”（賽倫迪培）。

In 18th century Britain , the writer Horace Walpole popularized the word in reference to a folk tale about 'the three princes of Serendip,' who "were always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things they were not in quest of."
在18世紀(jì)的英國(guó)，霍勒斯?沃波爾在講述一個(gè)民間故事“賽倫迪培的三個(gè)王子”的時(shí)候普及了這個(gè)詞，故事中的三個(gè)王子“總是偶然機(jī)敏地發(fā)現(xiàn)他們沒(méi)有探尋的東西”。

4

Trade-off
妥協(xié)

"Trade" is one of the many English verbs that change dramatically when paired with different prepositions... and each expresses a concept that would take a whole sentence to explain in any other language: Trade in, trade up, and trade down are just a few examples.
與不同的介詞搭配在一起含義變化顯著的詞匯有很多，“Trade”（貿(mào)易）這個(gè)詞就是其中之一。它與介詞搭配的每一個(gè)詞都表達(dá)了一個(gè)不同的概念，而這些詞在其他語(yǔ)言中則需要用一整個(gè)句子去解釋，例如，“Trade in”（做生意），“Trade up”（將舊物(如房屋、汽車等)折價(jià)換取較貴重的同類東西）和“Trade down”（以某物折價(jià)換取同類中的低檔貨）。

But the trade-off is a particularly American concept; what other nationality would actually have to state: "You can't have it all; there is always a trade-off!"
但是“trade-off”確是一個(gè)很美式的概念，其他國(guó)家的人可能不得不說(shuō)：“你無(wú)法擁有所有的一切，總要有妥協(xié)（trade-off）！”

5

Silly
幼稚的

There are plenty of synonyms out there for ridiculous or foolish, but this one also means lighthearted, playful, and kind of fun. Could it be a faint echo of the word's evolving definition?
“Ridiculous”（可笑的）或“foolish”（愚蠢的）這類的詞有很多同義詞（例如silly），但“silly”這個(gè)詞還有“無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的，頑皮的，有點(diǎn)有趣”的意思。這莫非是微弱地呼應(yīng)了這個(gè)詞的演化定義？

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, 500 years ago silly meant "happy, blissful, lucky, or blessed. From there it came to mean innocent, or deserving of compassion".
牛津英語(yǔ)詞典指出，500年前，“silly”的含義是“快樂(lè)的，欣喜若狂的，幸運(yùn)的或幸福的。由此它又引申為天真的，或值得同情的”。

6

Gobbledygook
（公文或科技資料中）晦澀的語(yǔ)言

Gobbledygook sounds like Middle English but according to , this term for unintelligible jargon actually only dates from World War II.
“Gobbledygook”這個(gè)詞聽起來(lái)像中古英語(yǔ)，但詞典在線指出，這個(gè)表示“晦澀難懂的行話”的術(shù)語(yǔ)實(shí)際上出自二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期。

At that time, American Congressman Maury Maverick "used [it] in a memo dated March 30, 1944, banning 'gobbledygook language', 'anyone using the words activation or implementation will be shot.'
當(dāng)時(shí)，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員莫里?馬沃瑞克“在1944年3月30日的一份備忘錄中用到了這個(gè)詞，他寫道禁止‘gobbledygook language’（晦澀難懂的語(yǔ)言），‘任何使用這類詞匯的人都會(huì)被槍決?！?/div>

7

Hillbilly
鄉(xiāng)下人

According to Dave Tabler, at Appalachian History website, this name for a rural American was brought by Scots-Irish settlers who flooded Appalachia in the 1700s.
戴夫?塔柏表示，在阿巴拉契亞歷史網(wǎng)站上，表示美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)下人的這個(gè)詞是蘇格蘭和愛(ài)爾蘭移民帶來(lái)的，他們?cè)?8世紀(jì)涌入阿巴拉契亞地區(qū)。

The word probably comes from two Scottish words mashed together: "hill-folk" and "billy" and the term was more descriptive than disparaging .
這個(gè)詞可能是兩個(gè)蘇格蘭詞匯“hill-folk”（山里人）和“billy”（伙伴）的合成詞，而且這個(gè)詞偏描述性，蔑視的意味要淡一些。

But these days if you don't consider yourself a hillbilly, don't call someone else one... or you'll discover "them's fightin' words!"
不過(guò)，當(dāng)下如果你不用這個(gè)詞稱呼自己，那也不要用它稱呼別人，不然你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)“它是會(huì)引起爭(zhēng)吵的詞！”

8

Facepalm
捂臉

People have been hiding their faces in their hands to express embarrassment, dismay, or exasperation for hundreds of years, but Merriam-Webster dates the term "facepalm" to 1996, making it the newest word on this list.
數(shù)百年來(lái)，人們一直用捂臉（用手遮住臉部）這個(gè)動(dòng)作來(lái)表達(dá)自己的窘迫、沮喪或憤怒，但韋氏詞典認(rèn)為“facepalm”這個(gè)詞始于1996年，這也使它成為這個(gè)榜單上最新的一個(gè)單詞。

Our favorite use of the word comes from The Los Angeles Review of Books in 2014: "There's a kind of facepalm moment in the terrific pilot episode of Amazon's terrific new series Transparent when you realize that the title is a pun."
我們最喜歡2014年《洛杉磯書評(píng)》對(duì)這個(gè)詞的使用：“亞馬遜推出了一部非常棒的試驗(yàn)性劇作《透明人生》。當(dāng)你意識(shí)到這個(gè)標(biāo)題一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)的時(shí)候，那會(huì)讓你有一種捂臉的沖動(dòng)?！?/div>

9

Spam
（斯帕姆）午餐肉，垃圾郵件

As Time magazine puts it, "Before 'spam' was a word that represented unwanted emails, it was a word that represented the successful repackaging of unwanted meats."
正如《時(shí)代周刊》所敘述的那樣，“在‘spam’這個(gè)詞表示無(wú)用郵件之前，它指的是成功重新包裝的沒(méi)人要的肉類產(chǎn)品”。

Introduced in 1937, SPAM was a clever way to repackage the undesirable cut of pork shoulder, and the brand name itself is a combination of "spiced" and "ham," invented in a naming contest.
“SPAM”這個(gè)詞于1937年開始使用，它精巧地形容了重新包裝的那些從豬肩胛上切下來(lái)的不想要的肉類產(chǎn)品，而且這個(gè)品牌的名字本身就是“spiced”（調(diào)過(guò)味的）和“ham”（火腿）這兩個(gè)詞的組合，它是在一場(chǎng)命名大賽上提出的。

The newer meaning derives from a skit by the 1970s British comedy troupe Monty Python in which a band of Vikings drown out all other conversation by shouting the word "spam" over and over again—much as a barrage of unsolicited commercial emails will overwhelm everything else in your inbox.
“Spam”這個(gè)詞的新含義源自20世紀(jì)70年代英國(guó)喜劇團(tuán)體“巨蟒”的一部滑稽短劇，劇中一伙海盜一遍又一遍地大喊著“Spam”這個(gè)詞來(lái)蓋過(guò)其他人的對(duì)話，就像一堆自動(dòng)發(fā)送的商業(yè)郵件淹沒(méi)了你的收件箱一樣。

10

Cool
表示贊同

This multifaceted word of approval is another one that started out meaning one thing and wound up as another. According to Merriam-Webster, we have to go all the way back to 12th century Middle English to find the first mention of cool, meaning the opposite of hot.
這個(gè)表示贊同且有多層面含義的詞匯是另外一個(gè)最初有一種含義，之后又衍生出其他含義的詞。根據(jù)韋氏詞典的解釋，這個(gè)詞最初的含義要追溯到12世紀(jì)的中古英語(yǔ)，表示熱的反義詞。

Over the years this idea gets applied to emotions: tempers that run hot or cool. In the 1920s, American jazz culture prized that quality of relaxed calm in music and in life, and the word became a synonym for admirable, fashionable, and good.
多年來(lái)，這個(gè)詞開始用來(lái)形容情感：例如脾氣火爆或冷淡。在20世紀(jì)20年代，美國(guó)爵士樂(lè)文化又用這個(gè)詞來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)那種在音樂(lè)和生活中放松平靜的品性，而這個(gè)詞就變成了“令人欽佩的，時(shí)髦的，好的”的同義詞。