2011考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

　　1. Both， each， either， neither （只指兩個(gè)）

　　2. All， every， each， some， any， no （指兩個(gè)以上）

　　3. Some， any， more， （the） most， all， a lot， lots， enough， none （復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）

　　4. Much， （a） little， a good/great deal， less， （the） least （不可數(shù)）

　　eg. “Got any money？” “None at all.”

　　eg. “Does either side of this street get more sun that the other？” “No， neither side is sunnier than the other.”

　　從句為考察重點(diǎn)

　?。?999） …The answers given by 200 women to those intimate open-ended questions made me realize that　51　was wrong could not be related to education in the way it was then believed to be. …

　　51. A. which

　　B. what

　　C. it

　　D. that

　?。?998） They learned to　51　their farming habits to the climate and soil.　52　they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving　53　， they invited their neighbors， …

　　52. A. While

　　B. When

　　C. So

　　D. If

　?。?993） In the United States a commentator remarked that 45 　Japan apparently still used some “primitive tools”，　46　a Japanese commentator expressed astonishment that the American pens wrote so poorly they could safely be used only once and then discarded.

　　46. A. though

　　B. when

　　C. while

　　D. and that

　　omitting the subject

　　Rather formal use

　　讓步狀語(yǔ)從句以 although， though， while， or whilst 開頭時(shí)通常與主句共享主語(yǔ)， 從句謂語(yǔ)用分詞形式。

　　Whilst he liked cats， he never let them come into his house.

　　Whilst liking cats， he never let them come into his house.

　　Both the journalists， though greeted as heroes on their return from prison， not long afterwards quietly disappeared from their newspapers.　這四個(gè)詞還可用在名詞、形容詞或副詞詞組前，如： It was an unequal marriage， although a stable and long-lasting one.

　　Though not very attractive physically， she possessed a sense of humour.

　　WHILE

　　1.He stayed with me while Dad talked with Dr. Smith.

　　2.I often knit while watching TV.

　　3.While I have some sympathy for these fellows， I think they went too far.

　　AND

　　1. often used to link clauses I came here in 1922 and I have live here ever since.

　　2. When you are giving advice or a warning， you can use “and” to say what will happen if something is done.

　　Go by train and you’ll get there quicker.

　　Do as you’re told and you’ll be all right.

　　WHERE

　　1. She was standing exactly where you are standing now.

　　2.In 1963 we moved to Boston， where my grandparents lived.

　　3.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.

　　4.You are saying that everyone should be equal， and this is where I disagree.

　　5.Now， where were we？ Oh yes， we were talking about John.

　　6.Where others might have been satisfied， Dawson had higher ambitions. （difference） WHICH

　?。ū旧頍o(wú)意義，必須接在名詞或代詞后面）

　　1.定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞 Did you see the letter which came today？

　　Now they were driving by the houses which Andy had described.

　　2.分割句子，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 The house，which was completed in 1856， was famous for its huge marble staircase.

　　He was educated at the local grammar school， after which he went on to Cambridge.

　　She may have missed the train， in which case she won’t arrive for another hour.

　　THAT　多用于同位語(yǔ)從句和－thing的定語(yǔ)從句中。

　　WHAT

　?。ㄓ袑?shí)際意義，可用于賓語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句）

　　1. No one knows exactly what happened.

　　2.It is not clear to what extent these views were shared.

　　3.I could get you a job here if that’s what you want.

　　4. What that kid needs is some love and affection.

　　5. What matters is the British people and British jobs.

　　AS

　　1.比較

　　His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as popular./ They want peace as much as we do.

　　2.作為，正如… We’d better leave things as they are until the police arrive.

　　David， as you know， has not been well lately.

　　3.看作，看待

　　The result of last week’s election will be seen as a victory.

　　4.當(dāng)…時(shí)候= while or when

　　I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.

　　5.原因 As it was getting late， I turned around to start for home.

　　6.讓步= though Try as she might， Sue couldn’t get the door open.

　　The bag has narrow straps， so it may be worn over the shoulder or carried in the hand.

　　I’d be in trouble if I let on. So I kept mum.

　　When the meal was finished， Rachel washed up and made coffee.

　　I would have liked to have learnt French， but I was denied （=not given） the opportunity.

　　The opportunity was denied （to） me at school.

　　The prestige is denied （to） the classroom teacher.

　　The classroom teacher is denied the prestige.