狀語從句:狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause) 指句子用作狀語時(shí),起副詞作用的句子,可以修飾謂語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。一般來說,根據(jù)其作用,狀語從句可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句,一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo),也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號(hào)隔開。盡管種類較多,但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不難。學(xué)習(xí)它的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞。
狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞
1、時(shí)間狀語從句:
常用引導(dǎo)詞:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when instantly
2、地點(diǎn)狀語從句:
常用引導(dǎo)詞:where
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
地點(diǎn)狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導(dǎo),已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型:
句型1:Where+地點(diǎn)從句,(there)+主句。
【注意】此句型通常譯成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在從句后面時(shí),there可用可不用;如果主句在從句的前面時(shí),一般都不用there。
例如:Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在沒有雨水的地方,耕作是困難的,或根本不可能的。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地點(diǎn)從句,+主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是個(gè)副詞,但是,??梢砸龑?dǎo)從句,相當(dāng)于連詞,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是個(gè)連詞,表示“在何處,無論何處”。例如:
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海員。
3、原因狀語從句:
常用引導(dǎo)詞:because=in that, since=now that(既然), as, for(補(bǔ)充說明)
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that(考慮到)
4、目的狀語從句:
常用引導(dǎo)詞:so that, in order that
特殊引導(dǎo)詞: for fear that(唯恐/生怕),in the hope that(帶著..希望), for the purpose that(帶著..目的), to the end that
5、結(jié)果狀語從句:
常用引導(dǎo)詞:so … that, such … that
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that
6、條件狀語從句:
常用引導(dǎo)詞:if, unless,
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:as/so long as(只要), only if, providing/provided that(倘若), supposing that(倘若), in case that(以防), on condition that
7、讓步狀語從句:
常用引導(dǎo)詞:though, although, even if, even though(即使)
特殊引導(dǎo)詞: as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, as if=as though(仿佛)
8、比較狀語從句:
常用引導(dǎo)詞:as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…;
A is to B what /as X is to Y(A對(duì)B來說,像X對(duì)Y一樣);
no … more than; not A so much as B
9、方式狀語從句:
常用引導(dǎo)詞:as, as if, how
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the way