作表語成分的名詞性從句
一、名詞性從句在be等系動詞后作表語時被稱為表語從句, 例如:
1.The problem is how we can get the things we need.
問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。(how 在表語從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語)
2.The scissors are not what I need.
這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表語從句中充當(dāng)賓語)
3.What I told him was that I would find him a good play.
我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語, that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分, 不能省略)
4.That is what I want to tell you.
那就是我想要對你講的。(what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語)
5.That is why she failed to pass the exam.
那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語)
二、在表語從句中,“That is why...”是常用句型,意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語,該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié),例如:
1. That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.
珍妮, 這就是現(xiàn)在這個老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異, 說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后,用這一句來進(jìn)行概括)。
2. That is why I came.
這就是我來的原因。
三、“That is why...”的形式相似結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩種,
1. “That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義, 只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講, “That is the reason why...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個定語從句, 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣, 例如:
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。
2. “That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語, 這也是個常用句型, 意為“這就是為什么……/因為……”。“That is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由, “That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果, 例如:
1)He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他沒有去看電影, 那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。(第一句話說明結(jié)果, 第二句話說明原因)
2)He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
他以前曾看過那部電影, 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因, 第二句話說明結(jié)果)