Section B

Passage One

一、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

本文是一篇關于希臘墓葬的說明文。文章開始就提到大多數(shù)人死后尸體會被挖出來，有的甚至會被挖出幾次。為什么死后還得不到安寧呢？后半部分給出了原因--空間不足。有人提出了火化，這又與其宗教教義是相悖的。文章最后提出了兩種解決問題的方法。

二、核心詞匯

undisturbed a. ①無擾動的 ②安靜的；
guarantee vt. ①保證 ②擔保 n. ①保證 ②保證書；
remove vt. ①移開 ②脫下 ③把......免職；
multi-storey a. 多層的

三、話題詞匯

bury n. 埋葬

city council n. 市議會

cremation n. 火化，火葬

decay v. 腐爛，衰退

dig up vt. 挖出(采掘，發(fā)現(xiàn))

grave n. 墳墓

skeleton n. 骨骸，骨架

space n. 空間

四、難句解析

1.If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long, the body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed.

【解析】此句是個并列句，用but not for long連接。并列的成分是if引導的partially decayed條件句和when引導的fully decayed時間狀語從句。

2.The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a week until a grave is found.

【解析】本句使用so...that句型，講述城市過度擁擠造成的結(jié)果。until引導條件狀語，表示尸體要存放在醫(yī)院一個多星期后才能找到墳墓。

五、試題詳解

26.A) Rent a grave.

A) 租墓穴。

B) Burn the body.

B) 火化。

C) Bury the dead near a church.

C) 將死者埋葬在教堂附近。

D) Buy a piece of land for a grave.

D) 買塊墓地。

【解題核心】選項均為動詞原形表明本題為考查"行為活動"類型。原文第一句就說到"只有富人死后才能永久安息"，帶著"為什么"的疑問聽原文，可以迅速確定答案。

【正確項分析】聽力原文中"buying a piece of land"可以避免尸體被挪來挪去，與選項D內(nèi)容相符。

【干擾項分析】選項A是大多數(shù)人的做法，租期為三年，但此做法仍無法保證死者得到永久的安寧。選項B是希臘教會反對的做法，并未在希臘實行。選項C在原文中未提到。

27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land.

A) 解決土地稀缺問題。

B) To see whether they have decayed.

B) 查看尸體是否腐爛。

C) To follow the Greek religious practice.

C) 遵守希臘宗教習俗。

D) To move them to a multi-storey graveyard.

D) 將其移到多層墓地。

【解題核心】選項均為不定式表明本題很可能是考查做某事的目的或原因。根據(jù)短文主題及選項中decayed, move等詞可推測，B選項中的they和 C中them代指bodies。根據(jù) B、D選項內(nèi)容可推測本題很可能是與移動尸體的目的或原因有關。一般這類詢問目的或原因的題目往往是在問題上做句型的轉(zhuǎn)換，也就是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，答案則經(jīng)常是原文的細節(jié)辨認，因此聽音時應重點留意以下要點：lack of land，if decayed，religion，multi-storey graveyard。

【正確項分析】文中明確說明此舉的原因是lack of space，與選項A同意。

【干擾項分析】選項B不是根本目的。選項C原文中并未提到。文章最后雖提到建造多層墓地，但multi-story graveyard還未建成，更不能如選項D中所說的將尸體移到那里。

28. A) They should be buried lying down.

A) 橫放安葬。

B) They should be buried standing up.

B) 豎直安葬。

C) They should be buried after being washed.

C) 清洗后安葬。

D) They should be buried when partially decayed.

D) 部分腐爛時埋葬。

【解題核心】選項表明本題很可能是關于尸體埋藏的方式。由選項中的should可推測本題很可能與建議或意見有關。故聽音時應重點留意表達建議或意見的詞句。A選項是說埋藏時將尸體躺著放，B選項則是說埋藏時將尸體立著放，二者正好相反，故很可能有一個為答案。

【正確項分析】希臘教會反對火葬，因為違背宗教教義。為了節(jié)約空間，教會建議將尸體豎立著而非平躺著埋葬，選項B正確。

【干擾項分析】文中用instead of lying down否定了選項A中的橫放安葬。選項C、D均不是教會的建議。

29. A) Burning dead bodies to ashes.

A) 將尸體燒成灰燼。

B) Storing dead bodies in a remote place.

B) 將尸體埋葬在偏遠地區(qū)。

C) Placing dead bodies in a bone room.

C) 將尸體放置在尸骸存放屋。

D) Digging up dead bodies after three years.

D) 三年后將尸體挖出。

【解題核心】選項均為動名詞表明本題為考查"行為活動"類型。四個選項均表示處理尸體的方式，故本題很可能是關于除埋藏以外的其他處理尸體的方式。聽音時應留意以下要點：burn；store in remote place；place in bone room。本題只要抓住burn一詞便不難選出答案。

【正確項分析】burning dead bodies在Greek church前后出現(xiàn)了兩次，問題中的object to與原文中的resist是同義詞，所以應該選A選項。

【干擾項分析】選項B、C、D雖在原文中都提及，但與希臘教會的觀點沒有任何關系。

六、原文及譯文

In Greece, only rich people will rest in peace for ever when they die. Most of the population, however, will be undisturbed for only three years, and then they will be dug up, washed, compressed into a small tin box, and placed in a bone room. If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long. The body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed. Buying a piece of land for a grave is the only way to avoid this process. The cost of the grave is so great that most people choose to rent the grave for three years and even after it has been dug up, lasting peace is still not guaranteed. If no one pays for renting space in the bone room, the skeleton is removed and stored in a building in a poor part of the town. Lack of space in Athens is the main reason why the dead are dug up after the three years. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a week until a grave is found. Athens' city council wants to introduce cremation, that is burning dead bodies, as a means of dealing with the problems. But the Greek church resists this practice; they believe the only place where people burn is hell, so burning dead bodies is against the Greek concept of life after death. To save space, the church suggested burying the bodies standing up instead of lying down. Some people proposed building multi-storey underground grave yards.

26. What must Greeks do to keep the dead resting in ever-lasting peace?

27. Why are most dead bodies in Athens dug up after three years?

28. What suggestions does the church give about the burying of dead bodies?

29. What practice does the Greek church object to?

在希臘，只有富人死后才能得到永久安息。然而，大部分人死后享受安寧的時間只有3年，隨即他們會被挖出、洗凈、塞到一個小錫盒里，然后被放入存放尸骸的房間。如果身體只是局部腐爛，它會被再次埋葬在一個更小更廉價的墓地里。不久，等身體全都腐爛后，會再次被挖出。買塊墓地是避免這一過程的唯一方法。墓穴的成本過高，大多數(shù)人選擇租墳墓，租期為三年。尸骨被挖出來后，永久的安寧也仍得不到保證。如果沒有人繳納租用尸骸存放處的租金，骨骸會被移出并存放在城市貧窮區(qū)的一個建筑內(nèi)。雅典的空間不足是埋葬三年后被挖出來的主要原因。這個城市是如此擁擠，有時尸體被放在醫(yī)院一個多星期后才能找到墳墓。雅典的市議員希望引進火葬，即燃燒尸體，作為解決問題的方法。但是希臘教會反對這種做法，他們認為唯一焚燒人的地方是地獄，這與希臘死后重生的觀念是相沖突的。為了節(jié)省空間，教會建議將尸體豎直而非平躺安葬。有些人則提議建立地下多層墓地。

26. 為讓死者永久安息，希臘人必須做什么?

27. 在雅典，為什么尸體埋葬三年后會被挖出?

28. 教會建議如何埋葬尸體?

29. 希臘教會反對什么樣的做法?

Passage Two

一、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

這是一篇關于國際飯店的說明文，屬社會文化類型。文章指出美國的大城市都有國際飯店，并以底特律市為例說明了這類飯店深受歡迎的兩個原因。最后，介紹了美國最常見的意大利餐館，并扼要介紹了其兩種經(jīng)營模式。

二、核心詞匯

apart from 除......外；
typical a. ①典型的 ②有代表性的

三、話題詞匯

family restaurant 家庭餐廳

foreign a. 外國的

international a. 國際的

native a. 本國的，本土的

restaurant n. 餐廳，飯店

sample n. 樣品，標本

四、難句解析

1.Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life.

【解析】此句關鍵是as well as并列結(jié)構(gòu)連接the foods和the opportunity，共同做動詞enjoy的賓語。即美國人既享受食物，又抓住機會。不定式to better understand the people and their way of life是the opportunity的后置定語。

2.Or it may be a large restaurant owned by several different people who worked together in the business.

【解析】本句主句為it may be a large restaurant。or是連詞，表示"或者"。owned by several different people作后置定語修飾restaurant。restaurant與own是被動關系，所以用owned。who worked together in the business是典型的定語從句，先行詞為several different people。

五、試題詳解

30. A) Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.

A) 每年都有許多國外游客訪問美國。

B) Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.

B) 美國人喜歡和朋友外出就餐。

C) The United States is a country of immigrants.

C) 美國是個移民國家。

D) Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.

D) 比起本國食物，美國人更喜歡吃外國食物。

【解題核心】選項中的foreign，immigrants表明本題很可能與美國對外來食物的喜好有關。選項A、C、D三項均與"外來食物"有關，B選項與外來食物無關，可初步排除。D選項說美國人更偏愛外來食物而不大喜歡自己國家的食物，說法過于絕對，故也可初步排除。因此本題的關鍵就是在tourists和immigrants之間選擇。

【正確項分析】文中提到的原因之二是說美國人來自世界各地，與選項C相符。

【干擾項分析】選項A、B、D在原文中并沒有提到。最大干擾項是選項D，雖然文中提到enjoy eating the food of other nations，但僅僅是喜歡異國風味食物，并沒有與本國食物比較。

31. A) They can make friends with people from other countries.

A) 他們可以與其他國家的人交朋友。

B) They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.

B) 他們可以認識來自不同文化的人并且了解他們的生活方式。

C) They can practice speaking foreign languages there.

C) 他們可以在那里練習講外語。

D) They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.

D) 他們可以遇到來自世界各國的商人。

【解題核心】選項中都含有can表明本題很可能與做某事能夠達到的目的有關。由選項中的other countries，other cultures，foreign等可推測本題很可能涉及到與其他國家人民的接觸。根據(jù)對主題的分析可知本文主要與飲食有關，而選項C、D分別是從語言和商業(yè)角度來說，與主題不太相關，二者均不大可能為答案。故本題主要應在選項A和B之間選擇。

【正確項分析】文中明確提到"Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life"。選項B與as well as并列結(jié)構(gòu)之后的原因相符。

32. A) The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.

A) 夫妻烹飪，孩子們幫忙。

B) The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.

B) 丈夫烹飪，妻子作為侍者照顧客人。

C) The mother does the cooking while the father and children serve the guests.

C) 母親烹飪，父親與孩子照顧客人。

D) A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.

D) 雇傭廚師烹飪，所有家庭成員照顧客人。

【解題核心】選項中waitress, serve, guests以及husband, mother, children等表明本題很可能與家庭經(jīng)營的餐館中各個家庭成員如何分工有關。四個選項中負責cooking的人均不同，故聽音時只要辨別出由誰來cooking即可確定答案。

【正確項分析】"The mother of the family cooks all of the dishes, and the father and children serve the people who come to eat there."輕松可以判斷出，選項C與之相符。

六、原文及譯文

If you visit a big city anywhere in the world, you will probably find a restaurant would serve the food of your own native country. Most large cities in the United States offer international sample of foods. Many people enjoy eating the food of other nations. This is probably one reason why there are so many different kinds of restaurants in the United States. A second reason is that many Americans come from other parts of the world. They enjoy tasting the foods of their native lands. In the city of Detroit, for example, there are many people from Western Europe, Greece, Latin America, and the Far East. There are many restaurants in Detroit which serve the foods of these areas. There are many other international restaurants too. Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life. One of the most common international restaurants to be found in the United States is the Italian restaurant. The restaurant may be a small business run by a single family. The mother of the family cooks all of the dishes, and the father and children serve the people who come to eat there. Or it may be a large restaurant owned by several different people who worked together in the business. Many Italian dishes that Americans enjoy are made with meats, tomatoes and cheese. They are very delicious and tasty.

30. Why are there so many international restaurants in the United States?

31. Why do Americans like to go to international restaurants apart from enjoying the foods there?

32. How is a typical Italian family restaurant run in the United States?

去世界上任何一個大城市，大概都會找到一家供應你本國食物的餐館。在美國，多數(shù)大城市提供來自全世界的食物。很多人喜歡吃其他國家的食物，這可能就是美國的風味餐廳眾多的原因之一。第二個原因是美國人來自世界各地，他們喜歡品嘗自己國家的食物。例如在底特律，許多人來自西歐、希臘、拉丁美洲和遠東地區(qū)，所以底特律就有許多餐館提供這些區(qū)域的食物。還有很多其他的國際飯店。美國人喜歡這些餐廳的食物并且將其作為更好地了解他人以及其生活方式的機會。在美國，最常見的國際飯店是意大利餐館。這個餐館可能是由單個家庭經(jīng)營的小型餐廳。母親負責烹飪，父親和孩子們負責招待就餐的客人。它也可能是幾個人共同合作經(jīng)營的大餐廳。美國人喜歡的許多意大利菜是用肉、番茄和奶酪制成，美味可口。

31. 為什么在美國有這么多的國際飯店?

32. 除享受食物，還有什么原因促使美國人熱衷于國際飯店?

33. 一個典型的意大利家庭餐館在美國是怎樣經(jīng)營的?

Passage Three

一、篇章分析

本文講述了籃球的起源，是一篇科技類文章。籃球是由一位足球教練發(fā)明的。最初是為了給賽后的球員做娛樂的，把籃子掛在體育場的兩端，將球投進即算得分。但是這種新游戲有缺點，后來經(jīng)過人們的改進，最終成為世界上最受歡迎的體育運動之一。

二、核心詞匯

be in for 肯定要遭受；
come up with 想出，提出；
entertain v. ①娛樂 ②招待

三、話題詞匯

assist v. 助攻

center n. 中鋒

court n. 球場

final n. 總決賽

forwards n. 前鋒

guards n. 后衛(wèi)

scoring n. 得分

slam/dunk v. (強力)灌籃

home court 主場

post season 季后賽

regular season 季賽

road game 客場比賽

set shot 立定投籃

四、難句解析

1. The problem with the new game, which was soon called "basketball", was getting the ball out of the basket.

【解析】本句which was soon called "basketball"做非限制性定語從句，修飾the new game。主句用過去進行時，表示過去一段時間發(fā)生的事情，現(xiàn)在問題已經(jīng)解決了。

2. It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through.

【解析】本句重點理解it is + time + before句式。例如：It won't be long before a new factory is built in our hometown. 此句如果按照字詞原意應譯為：在一座新工廠在我們家鄉(xiāng)建造之前時間不會太長。此種翻譯雖然遵照原意，但漢語卻很難理解，所以，此句常被譯為：不久，我們家鄉(xiāng)就會建立一座新工廠。before 常被譯為它的反義詞after之意。在本句中也是如此，應理解為"幾年后，有人提出將籃底去掉，這樣球就直接掉落下來了。"

五、試題詳解

33.A) He took them to watch a basketball game.

A) 他帶他們?nèi)タ椿@球賽。

B) He trained them to play European football.

B) 他訓練他們玩歐式足球。

C) He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket.

C) 他讓他們比賽從一個籃子里向外取球。

D) He taught them to play an exciting new game.

D) 他教他們玩一個刺激的新游戲。

【解題核心】選項中train，let和taught表明he很可能是代指"教練"。本題很可能是問教練帶領或教隊員們做什么。抓住本篇文章關鍵詞new game，文中出現(xiàn)過兩次，這也是本文介紹的重點。

【正確項分析】聽力原文中有"new game that would have the excitement of the American football"，與選項D相符。

【干擾項分析】本文介紹的new game就是籃球的前身，此時籃球還沒有出現(xiàn)，所以選項A錯誤。選項B是不相關詞匯的拼湊。getting balls out of a basket是該新型游戲讓人感到棘手的問題，選項C為答非所問。

34. A) The players found the basket too high to reach.

A) 球員發(fā)現(xiàn)籃子太高，夠不著。

B) The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.

B) 球員很難把球從籃子里取出來。

C) The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules.

C) 球員不明白復雜的規(guī)則。

D) The players soon found the game boring.

D) 球員們很快對游戲失去興趣。

【解題核心】選項中trouble和difficulty表明本題很可能與比賽中的問題或困難有關。D選項不是比賽過程中具體的問題，與其他三項內(nèi)容明顯不同，故可初步排除。因此聽音時應重點關注以下要點：basket too high，ball out of basket，complex rules。

【正確項分析】"The problem with the new game, which was soon called "basketball", was getting the ball out of the basket."明確提到了新游戲的棘手難題，與選項B相符。

【干擾項分析】選項A、C內(nèi)容在原文中并未提及。選項D與原文不符，如果很快就對游戲失去興趣，也就不會有籃球現(xiàn)在的繁榮景象了。

35.A) By removing the bottom of the basket.

A) 將籃底去掉。

B) By lowering the position of the basket.

B) 降低籃子高度。

C) By simplifying the complex rules.

C) 簡化復雜的規(guī)則。

D) By altering the size of the basket.

D) 改變籃子的大小。

【解題核心】選項表明本題是關于做某事的方式。而前面分析可知，34題是關于比賽中的問題或困難，故本題很可能是關于如何解決該問題或困難。本題中選項A、B、C分別是針對34題選項B、A、C三種問題的解決辦法，因此只要抓住問題或解決辦法中的任何一方面，便可確定兩道題的答案。

【正確項分析】"It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through."選項A與原文一致。

六、原文及譯文

One winter day in 1891, a class at a training school in Massachusetts, U.S.A, went into the gym for their daily exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of the young men felt they were in for a boring time.

But their teacher, James Nasmith had other ideas. He had been working for a long time on a new game that would have the excitement of the American football. Nasmith showed the men a basket he had hung at each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to sue a round European football. At first everybody tried to throw the ball into the basket no matter where he was standing. "Pass! Pass!" Nasmith kept shouting, blowing his whistle to stop the excited players. Slowly, they began to understand what was wanted of them. The problem with the new game, which was soon called "basketball", was getting the ball out of the basket. They used ordinary food baskets with bottoms and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to climb up every time a basket was scored. It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through. There have been many changes in the rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world's most popular sports.

33. What did Nasmith do to entertain his students one winter day?

34. According the speaker, what was the problem with the new game?

35. How was the problem with the new game solved?

1891年冬季的一天，美國馬薩諸塞州一所培訓學校的一個班走進體育館進行日常訓煉。由于足球賽季已經(jīng)結(jié)束，大多數(shù)年輕人覺得進體育館也很無聊。

但他們的老師詹姆斯·內(nèi)史密斯卻不這么想。他很長時間以來一直在研究一項新游戲，這個新游戲與美式足球一樣另人興奮。內(nèi)史密斯向大家展示了他掛在體育館兩端的籃子，要求大家把一個歐式足球投進籃子。最開始，無論站在哪里，球員們只是努力將球投到籃子里。"傳球！傳球！"內(nèi)史密斯不停地喊著，并吹哨讓興奮的球員們停下來。慢慢地，球員們開始明白了規(guī)則。這個新游戲很快就被稱為"籃球"。籃球面臨的問題就是如何把球從籃子里取出來。當時他們使用的是有底的普通食物籃子，這樣球就卡在里面了。最初，每次投球得分必須得有人爬上去取球。幾年后，有人提出將籃底去掉，這樣球就直接掉落下來了。自此以后，規(guī)則也在不斷變化。如今，籃球已經(jīng)成為世界上最流行的體育運動之一。

33. 冬季的一天，內(nèi)史密斯如何讓他的學生娛樂的？

34. 新游戲的問題是什么?

35. 新游戲的問題是如何解決的?

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[在線培訓，時間靈活，足不出戶，同樣好品質(zhì)]