1. 特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)
  對于同位語的識別,可以從它的作用著手。由于同位語的作用是解釋說明,考研英語的文章中也經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)一些特殊的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號,比如,破折號,冒號和括號。這些標(biāo)點(diǎn)在漢語中有解釋說明的作用,英語亦如此。因此,這些特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號之后,通常是一些同位語成分。來看兩道真題例句。
  ? As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.(2014年Text3)
  解析:本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句首是as引導(dǎo)的定從;其后是there be句型的存在句,其中兩個(gè)破折號之間是同位語成分,對science prizes進(jìn)一步解釋說明。
  重點(diǎn)詞匯:Nature 《自然》雜志;legitimate 合理的;concerns 關(guān)心,關(guān)注;distribute 發(fā)放;
  參考譯文:正如《自然》雜志之前提出的那樣,我們可以合理地關(guān)注科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)(新舊都有)是如何發(fā)放的。
  Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.(2014年翻譯49題)
  解析:本句中,“Especially significant was his view of freedom”是整句話的主干部分,同時(shí)也是一個(gè)表系主的倒裝句;其后,which引導(dǎo)定從,修飾his view of freedom;冒號之后是同位語成分,解釋說明主干部分中的his view of freedom
  重點(diǎn)單詞:significant重要的;be associated with與...相關(guān);responsibilities責(zé)任;advocate倡導(dǎo);
  expression表達(dá);
  參考譯文:他自由的觀點(diǎn)尤其重要,對他來說,這種觀點(diǎn)與個(gè)人的權(quán)利和責(zé)任相關(guān),即:他倡導(dǎo)思想和個(gè)人表達(dá)的自由。
  2. 舉例處
  常見的一些舉例詞,比如 namely,such as, particularly, especially and etc. 這些舉例的連詞之后,通常是同位語成分,對前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步解釋說明。
  ?But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review. (2015年Text3)
  解析:本句結(jié)構(gòu)為主謂賓,其中賓語是that引導(dǎo)的賓從,賓從的主語是biomedical journals,其后是such as引導(dǎo)的同位語成分,謂賓部分:pay strong attention to statistical review
  重點(diǎn)詞匯:note 指出;biomedical journals 生物醫(yī)學(xué)周刊;statistical review 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字評論;
  參考譯文:但是,他指出一些生物醫(yī)學(xué)周刊,比如,《內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)年鑒》 《美國醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會期刊》和《刺血針》 應(yīng)著重關(guān)心統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字評論。
  Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
  解析:本句是簡單句結(jié)構(gòu),主語Global challenges and social innovation;謂賓部分:ought to receive much more attention from scientists,同位語成分:especially the young ones.
  重點(diǎn)詞匯:challenges 挑戰(zhàn);innovation 創(chuàng)新;
  參考譯文:全球性挑戰(zhàn)和社會創(chuàng)新應(yīng)該受到科學(xué)家的關(guān)注,尤其是年輕的科學(xué)家。