一、定義:在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。
? ? ? 定語 定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的,是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語和分詞短語)或句子,漢語中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任,此外,名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,分詞,副詞,不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔(dān)任,也可以由一個(gè)句子來擔(dān)任。
? ? ? ?單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語。
定語從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語的句子,定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
? ? ? 2) You must do everything that I do.
上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞,叫先行詞,定語從句放在先行詞的后面。
引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why
關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用:
1、引導(dǎo)定語從句
2、代替先行詞
3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分
二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
指人,在從句中做主語
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替,可省略。
(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時(shí)可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)