GMAT邏輯考試各類標(biāo)志詞整理
一、歸納題
標(biāo)志詞:conclusion;inferred;implied;supported;if above true, then it is also true。(注:support不僅僅用于歸納法。舉例來說,歸納法的表達(dá)應(yīng)為:Which of the following are supported by the argument above?如果換個(gè)說法就可以變成加強(qiáng)題型的表述:Which of the following support the argument above?所以在GMAT邏輯解題的時(shí)候要格外小心。)
二、演繹題
1.第一種文章:前提推結(jié)論型
A.假設(shè)題:
標(biāo)志詞:assume;assumption;presuppose (特指對于前提的假設(shè));additional premise;not true unless;depend on;rely on.
B.加強(qiáng)題:
標(biāo)志詞:support(注意和歸納題目的區(qū)分);strengthen, conclusion can be drawn if it were true that.
C.削弱題:
標(biāo)志詞:weaken;cast doubt;argue against;damage;counter;challenge;flaw;refute;jeopardize;criticism;undermine;drawback;reasoning error;weakness. (其中flaw,criticism,reasoning error和weakness屬于名詞性的削弱)。
D.評價(jià)題:
標(biāo)志詞:evaluate,appraisal(根據(jù)加強(qiáng)題做)
2.第二種GMAT考試文章:因果結(jié)構(gòu)
文章內(nèi)部標(biāo)志詞:A is due to B;A is attribute to B;A is result of B;blame B on/for A;B is responsible for
A;credit A to B.
問題中的標(biāo)志詞:explanation;interpretation;hypothesis.
3.第三種文章:“變態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)”(表面上仍然是前提推出結(jié)論的結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)質(zhì)為因果結(jié)構(gòu),即結(jié)論是前提的解釋)。此類文章沒有與眾不同的標(biāo)志詞,需要考生在實(shí)戰(zhàn)時(shí)分析判斷,希望GMAT入門考生能掌握