第三部分? 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.

The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged-okay, ordered-them to wait it out at the airport, to "earn" more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1,600. Not bad, huh?

Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.

I've made living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in.

I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth. I’m also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its longer, and it's the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.

56. Why did Delta give the author's family credits?

A. They took a later flight.

B. They had early bookings.

C. Their flight had been delayed.

D. Their flight had been cancelled.

57. What can we learn about the author?

A. She rarely misses a good deal.

B. She seldom makes a compromise.

C. She is very strict with her children.

D. She is interested in cheap products.

58. What does the author do?

A. She's a teacher.

B. She's a housewife.

C. She's a media person.

D. She's a businesswoman.

59. What does the author want to tell us?

A. How to expose bad tricks.

B. How to reserve airline seats.

C. How to spend money wisely.

D. How to make a business deal.

【總評(píng)】這篇文章討論的是如何節(jié)約用錢，以及如何花錢才能物有所值。開(kāi)篇引入話題save money，接下來(lái)以自己乘飛機(jī)的親身經(jīng)歷來(lái)闡述。接下來(lái)再提到自己這種像是“把錢花在刀刃上”的生活方式，也成就了自己的工作。

56. A. They took a later flight.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由Delta定位到第一段，The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.可知，因?yàn)楹桨喑~預(yù)定，航空公司不得不取消我們的座位，讓我們乘坐第二天的航班，正因?yàn)榇耍麄優(yōu)槲覀兲峁┝搜a(bǔ)貼。由此可知，正確答案為A。

57. A. She rarely misses a good deal.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由文中第三段And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.可知，如今幾乎沒(méi)有人負(fù)擔(dān)得起拒絕一個(gè)好的交易，而從作者之前的經(jīng)歷來(lái)看，她也甚至錢的價(jià)值，所以正確答案為A。

58. C. She's a media person.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由關(guān)鍵詞consumer reporter定位文章第四段。I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books…作者是美國(guó)廣播公司今日秀節(jié)目的記者，并且寫過(guò)一些書。由此可知，作者是個(gè)媒體人。因此，正確答案為C。

59. C. How to spend money wisely.

【解析】主旨題。由關(guān)鍵詞getting your money worth定位文章最后一段。I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth.把錢花在恰當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?，讓物有所值，不是什么害臊的事。由此可知，本文主要告訴我們?cè)撊绾蚊髦堑幕ㄥX。因此，正確答案為C。

B

The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警覺(jué))。Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝視) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同樣地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

60. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s__.

A. sense of hearing.

B. sense of sight.

C. sense of touch.

D. sense of smell.

61.Babies are sensitive to the change in______.

A. the size of cards.

B. the colour of pictures.

C. the shape of patterns.

D. the number of objects.

62.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?

A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

B. To see how babies recognize sounds.

C. To carry their experiment further.

D. To keep the babies’ interest.

63.Where does this text probably come from?

A. Science fiction.

B. Children’s literature.

C. An advertisement.

D.A science report.

【總評(píng)】本篇文章為科技文。文章主要圍繞嬰兒視覺(jué)實(shí)驗(yàn)而展開(kāi)研究。先是用有不同數(shù)字黑點(diǎn)的紙板測(cè)孩子的視覺(jué)反應(yīng)，接下來(lái)是加入鼓聲作為背景進(jìn)一步研究嬰兒對(duì)數(shù)字的視覺(jué)敏感。

60.B. sense of sight.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段中She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝視) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.嬰兒仔細(xì)盯著白板上的兩個(gè)黑點(diǎn)看。然后紙板交換，嬰兒視覺(jué)開(kāi)始不能聚焦核心，換成3個(gè)黑點(diǎn)時(shí)，嬰兒又開(kāi)始集中注視了。由此可知，該實(shí)驗(yàn)是研究嬰兒的視覺(jué)。因此，正確答案為B。

number of objects.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。還是看第一段，As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝視) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.卡片改變時(shí)，直到出現(xiàn)3個(gè)黑點(diǎn)紙板時(shí)，嬰兒又開(kāi)始集中注視了。由此可知，嬰兒對(duì)于有不同數(shù)目黑點(diǎn)的紙板比較敏感。因此，正確答案為D。

62.C.To carry their experiment further.

【解析】推理題。由關(guān)鍵詞drumbeats定位文章第二段。The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同樣地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.測(cè)驗(yàn)效果在不同感官間交叉。與聽(tīng)到兩聲鼓聲相比，當(dāng)聽(tīng)到三聲鼓聲的時(shí)候嬰兒看著兩個(gè)點(diǎn)會(huì)變得更興奮。由此可知，鼓聲是一個(gè)背景，測(cè)試的還是嬰兒聽(tīng)不同次數(shù)鼓聲時(shí)對(duì)看到的紙板數(shù)字的反應(yīng)。因此，正確答案為C。

63.D.A science report.

【解析】推測(cè)題。由文中第一段出現(xiàn)researcher,以及第二段中出現(xiàn)experiment，可以推測(cè)。該文是一篇科技報(bào)道。因此，正確答案為D。

C

It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly（精彩地）written book”. However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.

And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”, Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out), I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.

The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven’t read him, but haven’t lied about it either) and Herman Melville.

Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in–depth!

But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J. K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).

64. How did the author find his friend a book liar?

A. By judging his manner of speaking.

B. By looking into his background.

C. By mentioning a famous name.

D. By discussing the book itself.

65. Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report?

A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.

B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.

C. The author admitted having read 9 books.

D.Dreams From My Father is hardly read.

66. By lying about reading, a person hopes to????? .

A. control the conversation

B. appear knowledgeable

C. learn about the book

D. make more friends

67. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?

A. Favorable.

B. Uncaring

C. Doubtful

D. Friendly

【總評(píng)】這是一篇討論“讀書謊言”的文章，話題比較貼近考生的生活。由作者發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)朋友撒謊說(shuō)讀過(guò)Barack Obama的 Dreams From My Father，引入話題。進(jìn)而用數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明了，撒謊人數(shù)之多，有2/3的人曾撒謊說(shuō)讀過(guò)某本書。文章第四段提及，撒謊的主要原因是想要給別人留下好印象。最后一段列舉了當(dāng)今人們最喜歡的作家，作者還表達(dá)了對(duì)會(huì)提前看結(jié)局的人數(shù)的質(zhì)疑。

64. D. By discussing the book itself.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由關(guān)鍵詞find his friend a book liar定位至文章第一段。由“However, he then went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友撒謊，是因?yàn)榕笥褜?duì)此書的深入討論暴露了他對(duì)奧巴馬背景的無(wú)知，因此，正確答案為D。

65. B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.

【解析】推理題。由關(guān)鍵詞guilty secret定位至文章第二段。由“But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.”，結(jié)合上文“The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading”可推測(cè)出，有42%的人撒謊說(shuō)讀過(guò)1984，因此，正確答案為B。

66. D. make more friends

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干By lying about reading, a person hopes to定位至文章第四段。由 “Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to ‘impress’ someone they were speaking to.”可知，大多說(shuō)人撒謊是想要給別人留下好印象，從而結(jié)交更多朋友，因此，正確答案為D。

67. C. Doubtful

【解析】態(tài)度題。由關(guān)鍵詞58% of readers定位至文章第五段。由 “I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so”可知，作者對(duì)這58%的人表示懷疑，因此，正確答案為D。

D

The National Gallery

Description:

The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.

Layout:

The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.

The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese.

The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.

The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh

Opening Hours:

The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10anm to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.

Getting There:

Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).

68．In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?

A．The 13th

B．The 17th

C．The 18th

D．The 20th

69．Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?

A．In the East Wing.

B．In the main West Wing.

C．In the Sainsbury Wing.

D．In the North Wing.

70．Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?

A．Piccadilly Circus.

B．Leicester Square.

C．Embankment.

D．Charing Cross.

【總評(píng)】這是一篇關(guān)于The National Gallery，英國(guó)國(guó)家美術(shù)館的參觀指南。文章對(duì)國(guó)家美術(shù)館的藏品、布局、開(kāi)放時(shí)間及周邊交通作了介紹。

68. A. The 13th

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由religious paintings定位至Description部分。由 “ranging from 13th-century religious paintings”可知，宗教繪畫是13世紀(jì)的藏品，因此，正確答案為A。

69. B. In the main West Wing.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由Leonardo da Vinci定位至Layout部分。由 “The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci…”可知，Leonardo da Vinci的作品在the main West Wing展出，因此，正確答案為B。

70. D. Charing Cross.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由underground station定位至Getting There部分。由此段可知，從Charing Cross至美術(shù)館走路只需兩分鐘，因此，正確答案為D。

第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2分，滿分10分)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Business is organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit (利潤(rùn)) —that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. __71__Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. __72__

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business.__73__One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting __74__The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision (監(jiān)管) and guidance by the management in authority.__75__

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

【解析】

本文是一篇討論商務(wù)和商務(wù)管理的說(shuō)明文。雖然看似有很多專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，但是根據(jù)我們常說(shuō)的“指路詞”，以及對(duì)上下文的推理，其實(shí)要做出正確答案并不難，可謂是難度中等。

文章第一段描述了business的兩個(gè)含義：一是提供顧客所要商品和服務(wù)的方法；二是提供這些商品和服務(wù)的組織。

文展第二段則細(xì)述了商務(wù)管理是用來(lái)描述計(jì)劃、指導(dǎo)以及控制公司運(yùn)作技巧的術(shù)語(yǔ)，并在下文中對(duì)這三方面進(jìn)行了一一闡述。

71. D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

【解析】推理題。本題的后一句出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新名詞nonprofits（非盈利），而前文的內(nèi)容是在說(shuō)大多數(shù)企業(yè)都在尋求利潤(rùn)，那這里語(yǔ)義的突然變化就提示了我們空格處所填內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與seek to make a profit（尋求利益）語(yǔ)義相反，而與nonprofit相同，因?yàn)橹挥羞@樣才能自然的引出下文?？v觀選項(xiàng)，只有答案D出現(xiàn)了however，表示語(yǔ)義的轉(zhuǎn)折，所以正確答案為D。

72.C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

【解析】推理題。根據(jù)文意，前文提到的these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers中的these organizations實(shí)指non profits organizations，所以此處72題的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是對(duì)nongovernmental service providers（非政府服務(wù)提供商）的進(jìn)一步解釋?？v觀選項(xiàng)，只有答案C是在舉例子，而且也出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞nonprofit，所以正確答案為C。

73.G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

【解析】 推理題。這道題的解題方法就是我們說(shuō)的充分利用“指路詞”。下文中出現(xiàn)了One is...，The third relates...，可見(jiàn)本空是個(gè)總起句，概括了什么東西包含有三個(gè)方面?？v觀選項(xiàng)，只有答案G出現(xiàn)了three，且主語(yǔ)planning正好復(fù)現(xiàn)了第二段首句出現(xiàn)的techniques of planning，所以正確答案為G。

74. E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

【解析】推理題。還是依靠“指路詞”，文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)了第一和第三，所以本空肯定描述的是第二方面?？v觀選項(xiàng)，只有答案E出現(xiàn)了the second，所以答案為E。

75. A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

【解析】推理題。觀察第二段可知，商務(wù)管理中涉及的techniques of planning, direction均已經(jīng)提到，只差最后一個(gè)control（控制）還未提及，所以本空一定和control有關(guān)?？v觀選項(xiàng)，只有答案A出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞control，所以答案為A。