第五章 分詞和從句

????分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)和分詞短語在英語中使用非常普遍，在句子中可以充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語,定語,狀語等成分。在成分復(fù)雜的句子中，有時(shí)分詞的出現(xiàn)易同謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式或者進(jìn)行時(shí)搞混，造成句子主干的判斷錯(cuò)誤。帶有自己主語的分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)由于同非限制性定語從句和插入語一樣需要逗號(hào)同句子的其他成分分開，因此常會(huì)誤認(rèn)為是非限制性定語或插入語。有些從句，尤其是定語從句，其形式變化很多，在句子中也易同其他句子成分混淆。


Exercise

Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.


Rich bodies were carefully wrapped in yards of cloth, leaving diamond-shaped spaces which were decorated with precious stones and pieces of gold.

He merely swallows this theory because there is something about that appeals to the twentieth-century mentality.


要點(diǎn):主句為" I applied"."Being...and wanting..."為分句短語作原因狀語,"fearing"為分詞作伴隨狀語.that引導(dǎo)的從句為"fearing"的賓語從句.
譯文:我因?yàn)槭诸^很拮據(jù),同時(shí)也想干點(diǎn)有用的事,于是便提出了申請(qǐng),但是提出申請(qǐng)時(shí)我也擔(dān)心:自己一無學(xué)位二無教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),得到這份工作的可能性是微乎其微的.

要點(diǎn):分詞短語"leaving diamond-shaped spaces..."在句子中作補(bǔ)充說明狀語.定語從句"which were decorated with precious stones and pieces of gold" 修飾"space".
譯文:富有人的尸體用成匹的布料細(xì)心地包裹起來,留出一塊鉆石形狀的空間用寶石及碎金將其裝飾好.

要點(diǎn):本句中because引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句.省略了主語that/which的定語從句"appeals to..."修飾something. "there be +n..."結(jié)構(gòu)是一種表達(dá)法.
譯文:他絲毫不加懷疑地接受這一理論,只是因?yàn)檫@一理論中有一種迎合20世紀(jì)的精神力量.

??????? ?